Unit2 Techniques of Circuit Analysis重点.doc

Unit 2 Techniques of Circuit Analysis Key Words and Terms algebraic adj. 代数的, 关于代数学的 interconnection n. 互相关联 Kirchhoff’s current law 基尔霍夫电流定律 Kirchhoff’s voltage law 基尔霍夫电压定律 node n. 节点 conversely adv. 相反地 yield v. 产生 closed path 闭环路径 loop n. 回路, 环路, 圈 voltage drop 电压降 ammeter n. 安培表，电流表 resemble vt. 相似, 类似 clockwise adj. 顺时针方向的 mesh n. 网孔 consistency n.一致性，连贯性 perimeter n. 周长，边缘 substitution n. 替换，代替 determinant n. 行列式 redundant adj. 冗余的、多余的 junction n. 汇合点 Notations and Translation Kirchhoff’s Law A circuit is said to be solved when the voltage across and the current in every element have been determined. Ohm’s law is an important equation for deriving such solutions. In simple circuit structures, Ohm’s law is sufficient for solving for the voltages across and the currents in every element. However, for more complex interconnections we need to use two more important algebraic relationships, known as Kirchhoff’s laws, after Gustav Kirchhoff, who first stated them in a paper published in 1848. The two laws that state the constraints in mathematical form are known as Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law. It is necessary to identify nodes in order to use Kirchhoff’s current law, a node is a point where two or more circuit element meet. And Kirchhoff’s current law can be stated as follows: The algebraic sum of all the current at any node in a circuit equals zero. Figure 2.1 Circuit diagram 然而，对于更为复杂的连接方式的求解，需要两个重要的代数关系，即基尔霍夫定律。该定律以古斯塔夫·基尔霍夫的名字命名，他于1848年发表了相关的论文。 In Figure 2.1, the nodes are labeled a, b, c, d. To use Kirchhoff’s current law, an algebraic sign corresponding to a reference direction must be assigned to every current at the nodes. Assigning a positive sign to a current leaving a node requires assigning a negative sign to a current entering a node. Conversely, giving a negative sign to a current leaving a node requires giving a positive sign to a current entering a node.① Applying Kirchhoff’s current law to the four node