GIS导论ch03全解.pptVIP

Copyright ? The McGraw Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 3 Vector Data Model 矢量数据模型 CHAPTER 3: VECTOR DATA MODEL第 3 章 矢量数据模型 3.1 Georelational data model 地理关系数据模型 3.2 Representation of Simple Features 简单要素的表示3.3 Topology 拓扑 3.4 Nontopological Vector Data 非拓扑矢量数据 3.5 Data Models for Composite Features 复合要素数据模型 How does a computer “see” map features?计算机如何“看”地图要素？ Vector data model 矢量数据模型 Uses x, y coordinates of points to represent points, lines, areas 用点的 x, y 坐标来代表点、线、面 Organizes geometric objects thus represented into digital data files 将如此表示的几何对象组织成数字化数据文件 Evolution of Vector Data Model矢量数据模型的演变 ESRI, Inc. Arc/Info: coverages ArcView: shapefiles ArcGIS: geodatabase 基于对象数据模型 3.1 Georelational Data Model 地理相关数据模型 Geographically referenced data: 地理参照数据： Spatial and attribute components 空间和属性组分 Georelational data model 地理相关数据模型 Stores spatial and attribute data separately with a link in a split system 空间数据和属性数据分别贮存在链接的分离系统 Called relational database 所谓关系数据库 Object-based data model stores spatial and attribute data together, not a split system 基于对象数据模型将空间数据和属性数据贮存在一起 3.2 Representation of Simple Features 简单要素的表示 Vector data model 矢量数据模型 Uses geometric objects of point, line, area to represent spatial features 用点、线、面等几何对象表示空间要素 Point Zero dimensions No length, width or height, only location implied Defined by x, y coordinates Also called a node or vertex Examples: wells, buildings, survey markers 例如：井、建筑物、测量标记 Line One-dimensional Properties of length and location Defined by x, y coordinates of its end points and (if curved) of points along its path Lines also known as edges, links Examples: roads, streams, contour lines 例如：道路、河流、等高线 Area Two-dimensional (length and width) Properties of area and perimeter Defined by its boundary line (which is defined by its points) Also called polygon Examples: political entities, water bodies