英汉词语表达的分析性和综合性差异与互译实践.ppt.Convertor[精选].docVIP

英汉词语表达的: 分析性和综合性analytic expression and synthetic expression Outline Analytic synthetic expression related to degree of lexicalization Factors for the occurrence of lexicalization Different degree of lexicalization in word-formation Different degree of lexicalization in parts of speech Implications for C-E and E-C translation Analytic synthetic expression Synthetic expression (i.e., one word) is often sufficient to combine what analytic expression can only achieve by using multiple words. Synthetic expression characterized by high degree of lexicalization while analytic by lower degree of lexicalization. Factors for lexicalization 1. Grammar 2. Condensing 3. Frequency 4. Culture Grammar Chinese – the tendency of analytic: limited affixes; disyllables; single morpheme words in decline; various predicate structures English – the tendency of synthetic: free morpheme (-ful /full –less/leas -ship/shape) mouthful/ spoonful/ eventful/ hopeful… fruitless/ sleepless/ useless/ homeless… friendship/ partnership/ membership/ citizenship… Condensing 物色—— 绢帛之类贵重丝品——用物色来寻求、交易——寻求（王灿龙 2005） 帝思其贤，乃物色求之。（晋《高士传》） 从者已告，华令物色之。（明《情史》） 日以物色人才为职志。（清《秋瑾传》） Condensing: brunch breakfast + lunch Dink: a couple who have dual income but no kids GASP: Greater Alliance to Stop Pollution Frequency:“爱国”patriotism 爱花love 、爱校love my school、 爱民love people 看、听、说、闻、尝 See/hear/speak/smell/taste Blind/deaf/dumb/…? /…? Culture: Chinese – cooking semantic field 煮、炖、煨、焖、熬、炝、汆、涮、烀、焯、煲 boil /coddle; simmer/poach; stew 炒、烩、熘、烹、煸 sauté bake/ toast/ roast/ broil/ grill/ barbecue/ sear Culture barge （驳船）/ brig （双桅横帆船）/ ketch（双桅纵帆船）/ yawl（双桅帆船） / barque（三桅帆船） / punt（方头平底船）/ freighter（货船）/ schooner（纵帆船）/ ferryboat（摆渡船）/ storeship（军需船）/ catamaran （双体船） Different degree of lexicalization in word-formation Affixation – high degree of lexicalization Composition-??? English Chinese affixation affixation composition composition conversion conver