(笔译实习文章.docVIP

English to Chinese 原文 Planning Techniques A number of people require plans of varying complexity for varying purposes. In the construction industry the types of planners can be grouped by the role their organization plays in the construction process. In this way there are three types of planners: the client organization; the engineers/architects or designers; and the contractors. The Client The client organization is interested in the plan of the overall project from the acquisition of the land to the use of the facility. Primarily the client organization is interested in determining the times of outflows of cash for which it has to make provision and in the overall strategic decisions of the projects management. The client will operate with activities whose durations are likely to be weeks or months rather than days. Major decisions, such as the type of contract which may range from a traditional form with design and construction running sequentially to design/construct forms where design and construction overlap, will have an impact on the overall duration of the project and the client s cash flows and will be examined using the overall project plan. Another example of the use of the project plan will be the client s decision on whether to proceed with procurement of mechanical/electrical plant, before construction contracts are signed, the procurement times and the overall project duration being the key factors in such decisions. The client organization will rely heavily on the project s plan or program as a decision aid when considering these and other strategic issues. Later the client organization will use the project s plan to monitor progress. The Designers The engineers in the case of civil engineering projects or the architects in the case of building projects or the project manager, if appointed, will normally carry the responsibility for preparing the plans used by the client in taking the strategic decisions described above. In addition