Unit 7计算机网络.ppt

Unit 7 Computer network 计算机网络 Text A Internet Protocol Suite 因特网协议组 The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks. 因特网协议组是一组实现支持因特网和大多数商业网络运行的网络传输协议。 It is commonly also known as TCP/IP, named from two of the most important protocols in it: the Transmission Control Protocol and the Internet Protocol，which were the first two networking protocols defined in this standard. 它有时也被称为TCP/IP协议组，这来源于其中两个最重要的协议：TCP和IP，它们也是最先定义的两个协议。 Modern IP networking represents a synthesis of several developments that began to evolve in the 1960s and 1970s, namely the Internet and local area networks, which emerged during the 1980s, together with the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s. 现代IP网络表现在 1960 年代和 1970 年代开始进展的一系列发展的综合，即是英特网和在 1980 年代期间出现的当地区域网，还有在1990 年代早期出现的万维网。 The Internet Protocol Suite, like many protocol suites, is constructed as a set of layers. 因特网协议组，像很多协议集一样，它是分层的结构 Each layer solves a set of problems involving the transmission of data. 每一层解决有关数据传输的一系列问题。 In particular, the layers define the operational scope of the protocols within. 尤其是这些 层定义了在协议内可操作的范畴。 Often a component of a layer provides a well-defined service to the upper layer protocols and may be using services from the lower layers. 通常层的一组成份提供了一个已定义明确的给上层协议的服务和可能使用的较低的层服务。 Upper layers are logically closer to the user and deal with more abstract data, relying on lower layer protocols to translate data into forms that can eventually be physically transmitted. 上层逻辑性地接近使用者并且处理比较抽象的数据，它依赖低层协议将数据翻译成最终能在物理上传输的形式。 The TCP/IP model consists of four layers. From lowest to highest, these are the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer . TCP／IP 模型有四层。 从最低到最高是：网络接口层，网际层，传输层，和应用层。 （一）History （开发过程） The Internet Protocol Suite resulted from research and development conducted by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in the early 1970s. 英特网协议集起因于 1970 年代早期的国防高级研究项目机构所进行的研究和开发。