数学实验第一次作业..docxVIP

《数学实验》问题描述课本习题第4题：在农业生产实验研究中，对某地区土豆的产量与施肥量的关系做了一实验，得到了氮肥、磷肥的施肥量与土豆产量的对应关系如表1-1、1-2，试根据表中数据分别给出土豆产量与氮肥、磷肥施肥量的关系式，作出合理的施肥方案并对所得结论的合理性作分析。表1-1 氮肥的施肥量（kg/hm^2）与土豆产量(kg)实验数据氮肥03467101135202259336404472产量15.1821.3625.7232.2934.0239.4543.1543.4640.8330.75表1-2 磷肥的施肥量（kg/hm^2）与土豆产量(kg)实验数据磷肥024497398147169245294342产量33.4632.4736.0637.9641.0440.0941.2642.2740.3642.73问题分析与实验过程首先对表格1一1做拟合a:作出散点图，观察点的分布规律，确定拟合函数的形式程序：function y=f41(n)x=[0,34,67,101,135,202,259,336,404,471];y=[15.18,21.36,25.72,32.29,34.03,39.45,43.15,43.46,40.83,30.75];plot(x,y,r+)运行结果：由散点图可知，可以采取二次函数来拟合。b：进行拟合程序：function y=f41(n)x=[0,34,67,101,135,202,259,336,404,471];y=[15.18,21.36,25.72,32.29,34.03,39.45,43.15,43.46,40.83,30.75];y=polyfit(x,y,2)运行结果：y = -0.0003 0.1971 14.7416ans = -0.0003 0.1971 14.7416换算为二次式子：y=-0.0003x^2+0.1917x+14.7416C、观察数据拟合程度：程序：function y=f41(n)x=[0,34,67,101,135,202,259,336,404,471];y=[15.18,21.36,25.72,32.29,34.03,39.45,43.15,43.46,40.83,30.75];p1=polyfit(x,y,2);plot(x,y,r+,x,polyval(p1,x),b)xlabel(施肥量);ylabel(产量);legend(土豆产量散点图);运行结果：从图来看，基本和散点拟合，所以可以采取该拟合函数。表格1-2的拟合a:作出散点图，观察点的分布规律，确定拟合函数的形式程序：function f42(n)x=[0,24,49,73,98,147,169,245,294,342];y=[33.46,32.47,36.06,37.96,41.04,40.09,41.24,42.27,40.36,42.73];plot(x,y,r+)运行结果：由散点图分布可以采取6阶函数拟合b：进行拟合程序：function f42(n)x=[0,24,49,73,98,147,169,245,294,342];y=[33.46,32.47,36.06,37.96,41.04,40.09,41.24,42.27,40.36,42.73];y=polyfit(x,y,6)运行结果：y = 0.0000 -0.0000 0.0000 -0.0001 0.0092 -0.1995 33.4381即y=-0.0001x^3+0.0092x^2+0.1995x+33.4381C、观察数据拟合程度：程序：function y=f42(n)x=[0,24,49,73,98,147,169,245,294,342];y=[33.46,32.47,36.06,37.96,41.04,40.09,41.24,42.27,40.36,42.73];%x=[0,34,67,101,135,202,259,336,404,471];%y=[15.18,21.36,25.72,32.29,34.03,39.45,43.15,43.46,40.83,30.75];p1=polyfit(x,y,6);plot(x,y,r+,x,polyval(p1,x),b)xlabel(施肥量);ylabel(产量);legend(土豆产量散点图);运行结果：由图看六阶拟合较为符合散点图。提出合理的施肥方案：氮肥量与产量关系：y=-0.0003x^2+0.1917x+14.7416，对称轴为x=328.5,这是氮肥最佳的施肥量。对于磷肥施肥量来说：y=-0.0001x^3+0.0092x^2+0.1995x+33.4381，考虑到函数具有多个极值点，从图中观察，施肥量