(高中英语语法系列第十章动词二.docVIP

动词（二）时态+被动语态 一．动词时态 5.现在完成时 （1）表示过去发生的或是已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 Have you had your lunch yet? -----Yes,I’have. I have just had it.(说明现在饱了) I have lost my pen.(过去丢的，现在还没找到) I have already watched the TV play. Have you found your lost pen?-----No,I haven’t found it yet. 注意：already和yet常和现在完成时连用，already用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。Yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还”，常放句末。 （2）表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for、since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。 We have lived haere since 2000. I have studied English for eight years. （3）几个副词在现在完成时中的用法 ①just意为“刚刚”，表示动作刚刚结束，常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 He has just come back from Beijing. ②ever意为“曾经”，用于疑问句或否定句中，放在助动词与过去分词之间。 Have you ever been to Shanghai? ③never意为“从来没有”，常与before连用，多放在助动词与过去分词之间 I have never traveled by plane before. ④before意为“以前”，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句末，不受句型的限制。 I haven’t heard of it before. ⑤since+时间点，for+时间段 （4）延续动词与非延续性动词的用法 ①现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时要注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不与现在完成时连用 I’ve left this school for eight years. I’ve been away from this school for eight years. ②延续性动词与非延续性动词对应表 非延续性 buy borrow open close Begin/start come go finish Died 延续性 have keep Be open Be closed on Be here Be away Be over Be dead Catch a cold Put on Get up Wake up Fall asleep lose join leave Arrive Reach Have a cold wear Be up Be awake Be asleep Not have Be (in) Be away from be 注意：在句型“it is+一段时间+since从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式。 It is two years since the old man died. 6．过去进行时 （1）表示过去，某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的时间状语then、at that time、this time yesterday等连用，或用另一种动作表示过去的时间。 What were you doing at nine last night?-----I was watching TV ay that time. He was reading when I came in. I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV. （2）过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。 Alice was always changing her mind. 7．过去完成时 过去完成时指的是到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或装态。“过去的过去”。过去完成时中一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其比较，使用过去完成时的动作发生在该过去时的动作之前。 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：by last week, by the end of last year. 等 She had left by the time I arrived. He had lived in Shanghai for ten years bef