(1动力学系统.docVIP

PASCO实验 Experiment 1 Dynamics Cart Accessory Track Set 实验一 动力学系统 Experiment 1 Acceleration and Harmonic Motion 实验1 加速度和简谐振动 Equipment Needed: 所需仪器 -Dynamics Carts with Mass (ME-9430) 带质量的动力车（ME-9430） -Spring 弹簧 -Base and Supported rod (ME-9355) 底座和支杆 -Mass balance 天平 -Acceleration sensor 加速度传感器 -50 Newton force sensor 50N力传感器 -Motion sensor 运动传感器 -Dynamic Cart Track with End stop and Pivot clamp 动力车导轨 Purpose 目的 The Purpose is to measure the period of oscillation of a spring and mass system on an incline at different angles and compare it to the theoretical value and verify Newton’s Second Law, F=ma. (See Figure 1) 目的是测量不同倾角的斜面上的弹簧和物体系统的振动周期，并验证牛顿第二定律，F=ma。(看图1) Theory 理论 For a mass attached to a spring, the theoretical period of oscillation is given by 对于弹簧上的物体，振动的理论周期为 whereT is the time for one complete back-and-forth motion, m is the mass that is oscillating, and k is the spring constant. 这里T是一个来回运动的时间，m是振动质量，k是弹簧常数。 Figure 1 According to Hooke’s Law, the force exerted by the spring is proportional to the distance the spring is compressed or stretched, F=kx, where k is the proportionality constant. The spring constant can be experimentally determined by applying different forces to stretch the spring different distance. When the force is plotted versus distance, the slope of the res ulting straight line is equal to k. According to Newton’s Second Law, F=ma. F is the net force acting on the object of mass m and a is the resulting acceleration of the object. 根据虎克定律，弹簧产生的力与弹簧被压缩或伸长的距离成正比，F=kx,这里k是比例常数。这样在实验上，可以通过施加不同的力让弹簧压缩或伸长不同的距离来确定。作力—距离的图，直线的斜率就等于k。根据牛顿第二定律F=ma, F是作用在物体m上的外力,a是物体的加速度。 Procedure 步骤 Measurement to find the Theoretical period 找到理论周期的测量 ①Use the balance to find the mass of the cart and the Acceleration sensor, Record this value M. 用天平称出小车和加速度传感器的质量，记下这个值M。 ②Set the cart on the tra