4-语态变化精品课件.pptVIP

A . 把被动语态译成汉语被动句 1) The company was enjoined禁止from using false advertising. 这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。 2) Up to now, sulphur硫磺dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants. 到目前为止，二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中最严重的一种。 3) All around, the hill were black with oil, and some were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周，由于蒙上了一层油，山峦是黑色的，有的山峦则被天然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。 4) The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力由螺旋桨所产生。 More examples: 1. This seems most effectively done by supporting a certain amount of research not related to immediate goals but of possible consequences in the future. 【结构分析】本句应先译by supporting…这个方式状语，再译主句This seems mostly effectively done. 【参考译文】给某些与当前目标无关但在将来可能产生影响的科研以支持，看来通常能有效地解决这个问题。 2. New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but it is not likely to result in any situation that will restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. 【结构分析】被动结构new sources of energy must be found 应译为主动。 【参考译文】我们必须要找到新地能源，但这需要时间；而过去我们感到地那种能源廉价而充足的情况，将不大可能再出现了。 3. The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty rears or so at the present rate of use. 【结构分析】本句中地被动结构可以根据汉语的习惯直接以为被动句。 【参考译文】石油供应可能随时被切断；不管怎样，以目前这种消费速度，只需30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。 4.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 【结构分析】本句中的被动语态也可以直接译成汉语的被动语态。 【参考译文】工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。 5. And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes (of the scientists’), and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. ①it is imagined by many that = many imagine that ② be compared with 可以直接译为：“与…….相比较”，因为“与…被比较”在汉语里显然是错误的。 ③第三个被动结构后面虽然有介词by引导动作发出者，但简单地交换主语和宾语的位置显然行不通，这种情况通常是由于词的使用造成的，要考虑英汉结构的不同。 【参考译文】许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法和科学家的思维过程相比，他们还以为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 It