12第十二讲情态动词新.docVIP

第十二讲 情态动词 一 情态动词的基本用法 Can 用法 例句 1 表示能力，“能够”，cant 不能够 He can speak English, but he cant speak Russian. 2 表示许可 can=may, Can I have a look at your new pen? （没有may委婉） 3 表示推测（理论上或是逻辑判断上） The road can be blocked. 4 表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。▲ 主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 Where can (could) they have gone to? ? How can you be so careless? ? 5 比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 6 带can的习语 cannot but do 不得不做 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 cannot... too 无论怎样都不过分 We cannot but wait. They cant help laughing at his joke. You cannot be too careful to cross the road. Could 1 表示能力 (过去的能力) Could the girl read before she went to school? ? 2 表示许可（语气较can 委婉） He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room. ★--could I borrow your pen? --yes, of course, you . A. might B. will C. can D. should -- I’m afraid you . A. could B. can C. couldn’t D. can’t 解析：could表示委婉的语气，不表示过去时，所以回答是要按实际情况回答。can/can’t 3 表示推测▲ ①对过去进行推测 could (not) + have + done过分 ②也可以表示对现在的推测，但比can委婉 can’t 表示毫无疑问的“不可能”； couldn’t 表示“不可能吧”，对某事没有绝对的把握。 He couldnt have done such a thing. You mustn’t smoke while you’re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 4 表示轻微的怀疑 Yes, his story could be true, but I hardly think it is. 5委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 I’m afraid we couldn’t give you an answer today. ? 6 虚拟语气中 could +动词原形（与现在事实相反） could + have done (与过去事实相反) If I could fly, I should be very glad. If he could have come, she would have been very happy. 7 特殊用法 could have done 对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜，遗憾▲ I could have passed, but I did not study hard. ◎ can 和be able to的区别(均表示能力) can只有两种时态形式现在式can和过去式could be able to有多种时态形式 Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 2 用于现在时，can 和be able to可以互换，无区别。但can更常用 He can cook. He is able to cook. 3 用在过去时中 could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做 was / were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”,指在困难情况下进过努力周折完成某事= manage to/succeed in 在否定句中两者可通用。 He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn’t