中易混知识点.docVIP

初中英语易混词总结 1say, speak, talk, tell ???这四个词都有“说”的意思，其用法差异主要在于各自强调的对象、内容不 同。 (1)?say的意思是“说”、“讲”、“说出”，是及物动词，强调“说”的内容。不 仅可指口头“说”，而且可指书面“说”。 eg:?①?He said nothing to me.?他对我什么也没说。 ????②?He said in his letter that he was getting on well with his life. ???????他在信中说，他生活得很好。 固定搭配：say hello/good bye/sorry to sb.?向某人问候/告别/道歉 ??????????say “ yes ” to sb . = agree with sb.?同意某人 ??????????say “ no ” to sb. = disagree with sb.?不同意某人 ??(2) speak表“说”、“讲”，它可以表示任何一种方式的“说话”。它着重“说话”这一动作本身，而不强调所“说”的内容。它通常为不及物动词，但它也可以作及物动词，后接the language、the truth、a word等，或接表示语言名称的名词。 ???????eg:?①Please speak more slowly and clearly.?请说慢些和清楚些。 ???????????②Who is speaking??你是谁？（打电话时用语） ???????????③Can you speak Japanese??你会讲日语吗？ ???????固定搭配：speak to sb.?对某人说话 ?????????????????speak highly of?称赞 ?????????????????speak one’s mind?说心里话;?直言不讳 ???(3) talk表示“交谈”、“谈话”，它指连贯地与人交谈，着重指说话的动作，而不强调说话的内容。它一般用作不及物动词。 ???????eg:?①What are you talking about??你们在谈论什么？ ???????????②We are talking about the Chinese football match. ??????????我们在谈论中国足球比赛。 ???????固定搭配：talk with/to sb.?和某人谈话 ?????????????????talk about sb./sth.?谈论某人/某事 ?????????????????talk with sb. about sth. = talk about sth. with sb.? 和某人谈论某事 (4) tell表“告诉”、“讲述”之意，是及物动词，常强调所讲的内容，不表 示动作。 重点句式：tell sb. sth = tell sth to sb.?告诉某人某事 ??????????eg: He told me nothing. = He told nothing to me. ??????????他什么也没告诉我。 ??????????tell sb. (not) to do sth.?告诉某人（不）去做某事 ??????????eg: He told us not to worry about him. ?????????????他告诉我们不要为他担心。 ??????????tell sb. +that-clause/who-clause?告诉某人…… ??????????eg: He told me that he was coming. ?????????????他告诉我说他要来。 ?固定搭配：tell…?from…区分，辨别 ???????????tell a story?讲故事 ???????????tell the truth?讲真话 ? 2、spend, pay, cost, take (1) spend vt.?“花费（时间，精力，财力等）”，行为的主体只能是人，其常用 结构是“sb. spend time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.?在……上花时间/金 钱”。 eg: I spend two hours on my homework every day. ???=I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day. ???我每天花两小时做家庭作业。 此外，spend?还有“度过”的意思，如?spend one’s holiday?“度假”。 (2) pay vt. vi.?“花费，付款”，行为的主体只能是人，其常用结构是 sb.