introductionto earth science（introductionto地球科学）.docVIP

Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck) Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science 1) What are the basic differences between the disciplines of physical and historical geology? A) Physical geology is the study of fossils and sequences of rock strata; historical geology is the study of how rocks and minerals were used in the past. B) Historical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and geologic events, utilizing the geologic time scale as a reference; physical geology includes the study of how rocks form and of how erosion shapes the land surface. C) Physical geology involves the study of rock strata, fossils, and deposition in relation to plate movements in the geologic past; historical geology charts how and where the plates were moving in the past. D) none of the above – physical geology and historical geology are essentially the same. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 What Is Earth Science? Blooms: Analyzing 2) The study of Earths atmosphere is known as ________. A) astronomy B) oceanography C) meteorology D) cosmology Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: 1.1 What Is Earth Science? Blooms: Remembering 3) A ________ is a well-tested and widely accepted view that best explains certain scientific observations. A) hypothesis B) generalization C) law D) theory Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry Blooms: Remembering 4) All of the following are possible steps of scientific investigation except for ________. A) the collection of scientific facts through observation and measurement B) assumption of conclusions without prior experimentation or observation C) the development of one or more working hypotheses or models to explain facts D) development of observations and experiments to test the hypotheses Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: 1.3 The Nature of Scientific Inquiry Blooms: Analyzing 5) The ________ explains how our solar system probably formed from a giant cloud of gases and dispersed solid particles. A) protogalactic theory B) nebular theory