infrasoundandlandbasedmammals-docs.wind（infrasoundandlandbasedmammals-docs.wind）.docVIP

Low Frequency Noise and Infrasound (Some possible causes and effects upon land-based animals and freshwater creatures) A literary comment By Ivan Buxton 2006 INDEX Summary Page 3 Introduction Page 6 What is Infrasound? Page 9 Measurement of Infrasound Page 15 Infrasound Concerns Page 18 Sources and Examples of Low Frequency Noise and Infrasound Page 35 Distress Caused by Disturbance to Domestic Animals and Wildlife Page 59 (Including infrasound and low frequency noise). Habituation Page 62 Conclusion and Recommendations Page 64 Appendices Page 67 Acknowledgements Page 71SUMMARY The adverse effects of low frequency noise (LFN) and infrasound are generally understood although not widely appreciated because by and large, up until recently most creatures do not encounter them for long periods of time or at levels that are perceived to be dangerously low. Furthermore, general observations of the effects of these types of sound in respect of land-based creatures other than humans are largely conspicuous by their absence. There also appears to be a dearth of information relative to those inhabiting freshwater. Which might presuppose that LFN including infrasound poses them little or no problem. Such a premise cannot be discounted but until explored seems to leave a knowledge gap that could be significant. This literary report has combined a variety of study findings and concludes there is a case to answer when land based animals and freshwater creatures are exposed to noise at low Hz levels. Because of the limitations of our hearing it would be easy to suppose that noises beyond our receiving range do not exist and should therefore be of no concern to us. Yet both very high and extremely low inaudible sounds may be harmful to us and other animals with similar but not identical ranges of hearing. Different people perceive