i n s t r u c t o r james b- immersion program（i n s t r u c t o r詹姆斯b -浸项目）.docVIP

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i n s t r u c t o r james b- immersion program（i n s t r u c t o r詹姆斯b -浸项目）.doc

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INSTRUCTOR: James B. Snow LESSON: Historys Lessons: Politics, Policies, and Laws COURSE: National Lands Training for BLM and Forest Service Line Officers and Program Managers OBJECTIVES Upon successful completion of this lesson, participants will: 1.Understand how the public land laws and policies evolved. 2.Identify the most significant laws and policies and discuss their impact. 3.Interpret how the past has affected the present, and how it may define the future of the Nations publicly owned lands. NARRATIVE: I. WHY IS HISTORY IMPORTANT TO FEDERAL LAND MANAGERS? A. As is often said, Those who ignore the past are condemned to repeat it. B. To intelligently and consistently manage Federal lands and resources, we should understand the context in which laws were made and appreciate the forces which shaped policy. II. FOUR PERIODS It is useful to divide the evolution of the history of the public lands into four periods discussed below. 1.Acquisition of the Public Domain - 1776-1867 2.Disposition (Disposal) - 1776-1891 3.Reservation - 1891-1905 4.Management and More Acquisition - 1905-Future III. ACQUISITION OF THE PUBLIC DOMAIN A. Summary: The public domain originated when 7 of the original colonies were obliged by the other 6 colonies to cede over 236 million acres between their western boundaries and the Mississippi River. This established the concept of “common ownership for common benefits” that underpins our present ownership and management of public lands and resources. What was later described as Americas manifest destiny, the westward expansion of the nation continued unabated for almost a century. The land acquired by the United States was not vacant, it was occupied by Native Americans. Various theories attach to the legal effect of this American expansion. Title to land by conquest is a theory traditionally accepted in international law. Some scholars contend that all we acquired from England and other colonial nations was the right to govern, tax, and t