服装专业外语..doc

服装英语（第三版） Chapter 1 Part A An Evolution of Fashion（时装业的演变） The world of fashion began with individual couturiers and evolved, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, into a mass-market industry. evolution [英] [,i:v?’ lu:??n] [美] [, ?v?’lu:??n] n.?演变; 进化; 发展 individual [英] [,indi’vidju?l] [美] [,ind?’ vid?u?l] adj. 1.?个别的, 单独的, 个人的?；个体的 couturier [英] [ku:‘turi?] n.?女裁缝师,女装设计师，女式时装店 couture [英] [ku’tju:?][美][ku‘tur] n. 1.?高级时装业2.女装设计 evolved [英] [i’v?lvd] 1. 进化了的 2. 进化演变 3. 发展，展开，使逐渐形成 as a result of 由于 Industrial Revolution 工业革命 mass-market 大规模经营（市场） industry n 产业、工业 ⑴（时装业最初起源于个体高级时装设计师，后来由于工业革命，发展成现在的大规模经营的产业。） By studying this evolution, we become better equipped to understand the organization of the fashion industry and the directions in which it is moving. become better equipped to 更好地direction [英] [di’rek??n] n.?方向, 趋向, 趋势, 动向⑵（通过研究这种演变，我们可以更好地认识时装业的产业结构及其发展趋势。） The Beginning of Couture（高级时装业的开始） Although the history until the late 1700s that of fashion may be traced back hundreds of years, it was not individuality of design began to emerge. Styles were set by royalty and carried out by the dressmakers who served them. Only the upper class could afford what was fashionable and finely produced. The poor made their own clothing or wore the cast-offs of the rich. traced back 被追溯 individuality [英] [,ind?,vid?u:’?liti:] n?个性, 个人特征, 特质 emerge [英] [i’m?:d?] n.?出现; 显出; 暴露 royalty [英] [’r?i?lti] n.?王族(成员)、皇室 dressmaker 裁缝 afford [英] [?’f?:d] vt.?买得起, 担负得起 old cast-offs 废弃的旧衣物 wore wear的过去式，穿、戴 By the end of the 18th century, one name had emerged in fashion design -- Rose　Bentin. Initially a milliner‘s apprentice, she became France’s premier designer.As a result of the recognition she received from the Princess de Conti, Benin was appointed court milliner in 1772. In that position, she was introduced to Marie Antoinette. She soon became the queen‘s confidante as well as her official designer. Initial