李金桥西方文论《实用生态批评》评述.docVIP

《实用生态批评：文学、生物学及环境》述评 李金桥 T摘要：《实用生态批评：文学、生物学及环境》(2003)是由洛夫所著的第二波环境公正生态主义批评中的一部著作。它从生物学视角探讨了文学生态批评的跨学科思想，即人文学科和科学学科之间扎实的跨学科研究，这种跨学科研究在洛夫看来并不是要求批评家们将最近的科学发现应用于文学阐释，而是要求他们应该培养科学的敏锐性。与第一波生态批评所蕴含的反科学倾向不同的是，洛夫倡导学习科学，了解科学并将生态批评建立在坚实的科学基础之上。因为科学具有方法论方面的特点，他甚至还为还原论科学方法正名。这种还原论技术的必要性，在洛夫看来，它产生于整体思维的必要性。整体主义思维或从上到下的思维的发展和完善有赖于还原论及科学方法验证技术的修补。因此洛夫以科学的方法论为指导，以达尔文进化生物学取向为生态批评范式，实实在在地进行一种更具生物取向的探讨文学与自然、环境关注之间的关系的生态批评对话。具有很强的现实意义。例如在对文学经典重申中，他站在生物学的立场上面，透过跨学科的视野，得出田园风持续不断地吸引力与生物学家威尔逊的生物之爱假设有关，那就是敬畏生命，这一种是我们自身作为来自于自然的生物的本能感受。本文拟从书中的生态批评与跨学科、生态批评和生态学以及生态批评对于经典的重申来分析和总结格伦.A.洛夫的生态批评思想，以期望加深对生态批评思想的理解并指出他的思想对于我国生态批评发展的有益意义。 关键词：生态批评、跨学科、科学、生态学、重申经典 Comment on Practical Ecocriticism: Literature, Biology and the Environment Summary: Practical Ecocriticism: Literature, Biology and the Environment(2003) written by Glen A. Love is a masterpiece in the second round of the environmental justice, dealing with the interdisciplinary thoughts of literary ecocriticism from the perspectives of biology, which can also be called the interdisciplinary studies between humanities and the scientific fields. In Glen’s view, they do not mean applying what has been discovered in the scientific field into literary interpretations but demand developing a sense of acuteness of science. Compared with the first round of ecocriticism retaining the tendency of defying science, Love strongly advocates learning and knowing science, basing ecocriticism on the solid foundation of science. Considering the fact that science embodies the qualities of methodology, Love even recovers the fame of the scientific methodology of reductionism. The necessity of reductionism, in Love’s view, stems from the necessity of wholism. The developing and shaping of the thought of wholism or the up-to-down thought relies on the repairing effect of the reductionism and the examining of the scientific methodology. Therefore, with the scientific methodology as the guideline, Love conducts a genuinely biology-oriented talk betw