非谓语动词ppt讲解.ppt

1 to do 短语作主语 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 　　动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： 　　It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 　　It means failure to lose your heart. 常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole. Shang hai is the first city in the world to have built a high—speed maglev train. 5 To do 作状语 　①表目的： 　　He worked day and night to get the money. 　　She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 　　注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： 　　wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. 　　right：To save money, he has tried every means. ②表结果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调： I visited him only to find him out. A few years later he came home to find his home town changed. I hurried to the post office, only to find it was closed. ③表原因： 　　They were very sad to hear the news. ④表程度：Its too dark for us to see anything. 　　The question is simple for him to answer. （二）动名词： 　　动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 1．动名词的形式： （1）一般式：　Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 （2）被动式： 　　He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 （3）完成式： 　　We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 （4）完成被动式： 　　He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 　　他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 （5）否定式：not + 动名词 　　I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 （6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词 　　He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 　　His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 　　他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 2．动名词的句法功能 （1）作主语： 　　Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 　　Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 　　当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语 　It‘s no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的. Working in a company is my wish. Ｃhosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. （2）作表语： 1 In the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 　　在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 （3）作宾语： 　　They hav