数字电子技术综合实验报告简易电子琴.docxVIP

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT19 数字电子技术综合实验报告 2012--2013学年第二学期 姓名： 学号: 班级: 实验时间: 实验指导老师: 目录 一、设计任务·········································································2 二、设计方案·········································································2 三、系统框图·········································································3 四、方案实现·········································································3 1.乐曲演奏的原理······································································3 2.总体方案·················································································4 五、实验结果·········································································6 六、方案优化·········································································7 七、心得体会·········································································7 附录·························································································7 VHDL源程序·····································································7 各层次原理图·································································35 3.编译报告··········································································40 题目: 简易电子琴设计 摘要 电子琴的设计大规模可编程逻辑器件（FPGA）作为系统的核心控制部分通过软件的设计编写然后进行软硬件的调试运行最终达到设计电路的乐器演奏、选歌及显示功能。设计中采用计数原理控制演奏器发声，对音乐发生所必须确定的音符和节拍分别用程序语言实现。可以用它来弹奏和播放乐曲。特点是设计思路简单、清晰。 关键字：电子琴 CPLD 一、设计任务 基本要求 具有一般弹奏功能； 自动播放功能； 数码显示音符功能。 2．发挥部分 (1)能通过选择键在多首歌曲中选择播放； (2)输出增加功率放大电路，增加歌曲容量； (3)增加音效或节拍可调； (4)无线弹奏。 二、设计方案 采用大规模可编程逻辑器件（FPGA），利用quartusII，通过verilog代码实现简易电子琴演奏电路。 三、系统框图 四、方案实现 1.乐曲演奏的原理： 乐曲演奏的原理：组成乐曲的每个音符的频率值(音调)以及持续时间（音长）是乐曲能持续演奏所需的两个基本数据，因此只要控制输出到扬声器的激励信号的频率的高低和持续的时间，就可以使扬声器发出持续的乐曲声。 音调的控制 频率的高低决定了音调的高低。音乐的十二平均率规定：每两个八度音（如简谱中的中音1与高音1）之间的频率相差一倍。在两个八度音之间，又可分为十二个半音，每半个音的频率比为。另外，音名A(简谱中的低音6)的频率为440HZ，音名B到C之间，E到F之间为半音，其余为全音。由此可以计算出简谱中从低音1至高音1之间的每个音名对应的频率如图所示: 音名 频率(HZ) 音名 频率(HZ) 音名 频率(HZ) 低音1 261.6 中音1 523.3 高音1 1046.5 低音2 293.7 中音2 587.3 高音2 1174.7 低音3 329.6 中音3 659.3 高音3 1318.5 低音4 349.2 中音4 698.5 高音4 1396.9 低音5 392 中音5 784 高音5 1568 低音6 4