岭南教育语法专题第四课定语从句.docVIP

第三课 形容词性从句 一、形容词性从句概述 形容词性从句也叫定语从句，在句子中充当定语修饰一个名词。这个被修饰的名词叫做先行词。连结主句和从句的词叫做关系词。 连接词 句子中成分 先行词 关系代词 Who 做主语，宾语，表语。主格。 人 whom 做主语，宾语，表语。宾格。 人 which 做主语，宾语，表语。 物，句子 that 做主语，宾语，表语。 人或物 whose 作定语。谁的。后跟名词。 人或物 as 做主语，宾语。 人或物，句子 关系副词 when 做状语。 时间 where 做状语。 具体地点和抽象地点 why 做状语。 reason 注意比较 That 在名词性从句中和定语从句及状语从句中的不同用法。 Which 在名词性从句中和定语从句中的不同用法。 as出现在定语从句和状语从句中, 翻译不同。 I want a man who can speak English. That is the girl whom/who/that I love. I gave him an apple which/that is green. The weather turned out to be good, which was more than we could expect. This is the house whose window broke last night. As is known to all, China is a great nation. I still remember the day when I first come to Beijing.(when=on which) Can you till me the house where you live?(where=in which) The reason why he lost his money is that he run too fast on the way home. 定语从句中that 和which 的用法 只能用that而不能用which的情况。 先行词是不定代词时。All, much, little,something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, some, any, many 等。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? 先行词被限定词修饰时。The only, the very, any, few, little, no, all 等. This is the very person that Im waiting for. 先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. 先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词修饰时。 This train is the last that will go to Shanghai. What is the first American film that you have ever seen? 先行词即有人又有物时。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 不能用that的情况 在非限制性定语从句中决不能用that。有逗号的就是非限制性定语从句，没逗号的是限制性定语从句。 I want this man, who can speak English. I want this man who/that can speak English. 在动词短语中的介词短语提前时，不能用that，多用which。 This is the room in which Lusun lived. 辨析点： 关于介词+which结构中介词的选择，有两种方法。第一种是判断是否和从句最后的动词构成动词短语。第二种是和先行词构成句意上的联系。 Last month, part of Henan was truck by floods, form whose effects the people are still suffering.（suffer from 固定搭配，遭受） Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, during which time he st