船舶轮机英语lesson_11全解.ppt

Operating troubles and their remedies Lesson 11 Troubles may occur when the engine is running. 柴油机在运行时可能会发生故障。 If the engine does not start on air, it may be due to one or more of the following causes: 如果柴油机用空气不能起动，可能是由于以下的因素引起的。 starting air pressure too low, incorrect timing of starting air valves, one or more of the starting valves or distributor valves stuck in closed position, master valve not actuated, stop valve on air line is closed, or if starting after working on the engine, the turning gear still engaged. 起动空气压力过低，起动空气阀定时不准确，一个或者多个起动阀或者分配阀卡在关闭的位置，主阀不动作，空气管路中的截止阀关闭，或是在柴油机维修后起动，盘车机仍处于闭合状态。 If the engine turns too slowly or irregularly on starting air, the possible causes may be the pistons in starting air distributor sticking, starting valves in cylinder covers defective, faulty timing of the distributor. The starting air pressure too low may also be another cause. 如果柴油机用空气起动过慢或者不规则（有时能起动，有时不能起动），可能的原因是空气分配器柱塞卡住，气缸起动阀缺陷，空气分配器定时错误。起动空气压力过低可能是另外一个原因 If the engine does start on air, but combustion does not immediately begin, the cause may be low compression, failure of the fuel pumps to discharge oil into the fuel valves or incorrect timing of fuel pumps. 如果柴油机能够空气起动，但是不能立即开始燃烧，可能是因为压缩压力低，燃油泵不能向燃油阀注入燃油或者是燃油泵定时错误。 Failure of fuel injection is usually due to the troubles in the fuel injection pumps. However, the injection may be delayed, though the pumps are in good order, if the fuel lines to the injection valves have not been cleared of air. 不能喷油通常是由于燃油喷射泵故障。但是，如果通向喷油阀的燃油管路不能清除空气，即使喷射泵良好，燃油的注入可能也会延迟。 If there is no fuel injected into the cylinders, the possible causes are fuel gasification(汽化) due to excess temperature, pressure before fuel injection pumps too low, fuel too cold, except the troubles in the injection pumps. Sluggish(行动迟缓的) movement of maneuvring gear, incorrect adjustment of maneuvring gear, shut-down devices on engine having operated, maneuvring air pressure to governor too low, failure in governor may be the case also. These can be i