阅读专项推理判断.docVIP

推断题 　　推断题（含综合概括、推断结论、推导及运算等）要求学生具有根据已知信息进行推理和判断的能力。这类题从文章中找不到正确答案，需要读者从字里行间去体会作者的意图，因此难度较大。要正确解答此类题型，考生必须从作者明确叙述的观点和事实出发，推断作者的真正意图，在理解全文的基础上，用逻辑思维和哲学原理，并且借助一定的常识进行分析，推理和判断。 　　在生活中我们时时刻刻都会遇到推理和判断，无论是阅读还是交谈，我们都在不停地推理和判断。例如，你正要出门，你的同伴对你说：“好象要下雨！”从他的话中你可以推断出他是在提醒你带把伞，或是改个时间出去。 推理题常见的提问形式 常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。或提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，most likely等。 常见提问形式： The writer implies that ____. The author intends to ____. It can be inferred from the passage that ____. It can be concluded from the passage that ____. We can draw a conclusion that ____. It suggests that ____. We can learn from the passage that ____. What does the author intend to tell the readers? 推理题的解题思路 　　如何做好推理判断题？ 考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。 　　首先，要求考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。 　　其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。 　　再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。 　　针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。 　　针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主观点与次观点(main idea and supporting idea)。 实例分析: ●A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than boys, tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes t