翻译理论与实践5解析.pptVIP

英译汉对策(1) 一、英语理解中的难点和对策 1 .对英语的常用词、常用短语和习惯用法不求甚解 [例] The girl soon laid the table. 这个姑娘很快摆好了餐具。 He saw a friend in me. 他认为我够朋友 2.对英语句子结构以及词与词之间的关系搞不清楚 [例1]There was greater economy of labor and some use of alternative parts.[译文]人力更为节约，并且采用了互换性配件系统。 [例2]The approach to the management of foreign exchange reserves by central bankers varies across the globe, ranging from a policy of benign neglect to detailed and highly mathematical calculations of alternative moves to reduce risk and increase profitability. [译文]世界各国主要银行家们对外汇交换储备的管理方法各不相同，有的国家对外汇管理采取较宽松政策，有的国家则采取详细计算各种外汇储备的方式，以便减少风险和提高收益。 3.不能根据上下文推断多义词的含义，翻译时造成误译。 4.对英美人的思维方式和逻辑推理不习惯，有时会陷入理解的误区。 [例1]I don’t think we have asked for anything that they haven’t done. [译文]我认为我们要求的事情，他们都一一办到了。 [例2]He never got a new suit from me that she didn’t make him come and get on his visits to Grand Rapids. [译文]他来大急流城访问时，她总是要他到我这里来做一套新西服。 [例3]And if he did not try to knock me down! [译文]令人吃惊的是他竟然试图把我打倒！ 5.习语的正确意思难以把握。 [例1]Not without reason Mr. Dulles is called a bull in the Indo-China shop. [译文]难怪人们说杜勒斯先生在印度支那问题上是“一头闯进瓷器店的公牛”，蛮不讲理。 [例2]The Japanese imperialists try to make hell while the sun shines. [译文]日本帝国主义者要趁末日来临之前蛮干一番。 6.对英文通过各种修饰手段所表达的潜在意义掌握不好，以致译成汉语时造成形似神失。 [例1]Ths ship plows the sea. [译文]轮船在海上破浪前进。 [例]She opens the door and her heart to the homeless boy. [译文]她为这个无家可归的男孩打开了房门，也向他敞开了爱心。 7.在翻译中找不出英语被分隔的和相互关联的词语之间的联系，从而造成理解错误。 [例1]News came through on the wireless of a rich oil field near the sea. [译文]无线电里传来了近海发现丰富油田的消息。 [例2]Many sketches are in existence of peasants seated by the roadside and men and women at work in the fields. [译文]至今保存着许多速写，画的是坐在路旁的农民和在田里劳动的男男女女。 二、英译汉中要处理好的关系 1.再现原文“形”与“神”的关系 翻译无论在形势或内容上都应该尽量贴近原作，但当原文形式与译文形式无法一一对应，形式和内容的转换难以两全时，应当确保内容的传达。 [例1]They parted enemies. [译文]他们分道扬镳，反目成仇。 [例2]He was always prepared to make himself useful and there was nothing, however tiresome that you asked him to do for you that he would not do with pleasure. He took an immense amount of trouble to make himself agreeable to agei