英语高考的实词与虚词解析.doc

英语的虚词与实词 虚词介词、代词、连词、冠词、数词 虚词没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分，包括冠词、介词、连词和感叹词:而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，虚词没有词形的变化： (art..)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。如：a，an，the. 1.不定冠词:a，an 2.定冠词：the 二、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in，on，from，above，behind, across, against, along, around, among, before, below, beneath, besides, beyond, despite, during, except, front, including, inside, like, into, next, near, of, onto, out, out of, outside, over, owning to, per, regarding, since, through, till, towards, under, unlike, until, up, upon, via, while, with, within, without… 1.简单介词：是由一个单词构成的介词。可分为三类： ①普通介词:如at，by，for，from，in，of，on，to，with等 ②合成介词:如onto，into，within等 ③分词介词：如including等 2.二重介词：是由两个简单介词连用而构成的介词。 如：from behind，since before，until after等 3.短语介词：是由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的介词。如：in front of，because of，instead of等 三、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。按在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和从属连词： After, although, also, and, anywhere, as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, both… and… but, considering, either… or… even if, even so, even though,, everywhere, for, hence, however, if, in case, in order that, instead of, likewise, never, nevertheless, not only…but also, now that, once, or, otherwise, regardless, since, so, so that, such that, thus, till, until, unless, when, whenever, wherever, whether, where, while… 1.并列连词 ①表示平行或对等关系的并列连词：and，both…and，as well as，not only…but also，neither…nor等 ②表示转折关系的并列连词:but，yet，while等 ③表示选择关系的并列连词：or，either…or等 ④表示因果关系的并列连词：for，so等 2.从属连词：是引导从句的连词 ①引导名词性从句的连词：that，whether，if ②引导副词性从句的连词：when，while，as，since，before， after，once，as soon as，until，till，because，now that，although，though，even if，even though，no matter how，no matter what，whatever，however，whether…or，if，unless，so long as，as long as，in order that，so that，so…that，as if，as though，than，where，wherever等 四、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, every, everybody, everything, he, her, himself, themselves, itself, I, it, me, mine, yours, neither, nobody, none, nothing, other, others, so, some, something, some