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Lexicology  Lexicology is one branch of linguistics, which studies the vocabulary of a given language. It deals with the origin, development, history, structure, meaning and application of words. General Linguistics Phonetics Syntax Semantics Morphology Lexicology Stylistics Lexicography …… Objectives: Introduce a definition of a word; Put forward the three main principles of lexical classification; Elaborate on the features of basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary. Teaching focus: Definition of a word Definition of vocabulary Classification of words Basic word stock and non-basic vocabulary Content words and functional words Native words and borrowed words 1.1 What is a word? A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能，能独立运用的最小的语言单位。 Words: man, fine Non-words: mis-, -ment 1.2 What is vocabulary? range The total number of the words in a language. (Chinese, English) All the words used in a particular historical period. (Old English, Modern English, 文言，白话文) All the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. (Cantonese, Mandarin, sonnet 18, military slang, Miltonian) 1.3 Sound and meaning What’s the relationship between sound and meaning? Arbitrary：sound symbolically represents object but there is no logical relationship between the sound and the object. (maybe “mama” is the only exception, onomatopoeia ) hieroglyph; ideograph Conventional (special group of people agree to use this symbol and sign of sound and form to refer to the real thing): dog-狗狗 book worm, mum’s baby, xiaojie, 1.4 Sound and form What causes the differences between sound and form? (Is it true for French and Old English?) More morphemes internal reason: alphabet from Romans, 26 letters(20 vowels/ diphthongs + 24 consonants) than letters, so the same letter has different sounds (mat