城市道路设计双语LectureSubgradeandpavement.pptVIP

Grade Intersection2011.4.14 Objectives Know concepts of subgrade and pavement. Know the design of the subgrade. Know the type and composition of rigid and flexible pavement. Know variables involved in and be able to calculate required thickness of rigid and flexible pavements. Know the design of the pavement. Concepts Subgrade is one of the most crucial part of embankment fills or natural surface just below the sub-base or lower sub-base of road pavement and shoulder. The surface above the subgrade is known as the formation level or finishing level. Subgrade is the in situ material upon which the pavement structure is placed or constructed at selected location. Concepts Pavement: is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway. In the past cobblestones and granite setts were extensively used, but these surfaces have mostly been replaced by asphalt or concrete. Such surfaces are frequently marked to guide traffic. Subgrade Although there is a tendency by looking at the pavement performance in terms of pavement structure and mix design alone, the subgrade can often be the overriding factor in pavement performance. Unsuitable soil materials for subgrade (or embankment fills) are as follows: Clay soil which contains the value of Liquid Limit more than 80% and/or Plasticity Index more than 55%, Having the value of Lost On Ignition (LOI) more than 2.5%, It is flammable materials (oily), and organically clay soil, Contain lots of rotten roots, grass and other vegetation, Considered as unstainable soil or toxic and categorized as peat soil, Soil which is soft and unstable because it is too wet or dry which makes it difficult to compact properly. Testing for Subgrade There are several testing method that were used to test the subgrade layer. The notable and most recommended test (among others) to be carryout are as follows: California Bearing Ratio (CBR), as accordance to: BS 1377