NERVOUS SYSTEM(神经组织) PPT.pptx

NERVOUS SYSTEMFUNCTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM1. Sensory Input – Sensory receptors monitor numerous external ad internal stimuli that may be interpreted as touch, temperature, taste, smell, sound, blood pressure, and body position. Action potential travels from the sensory receptors to spinal cord and brain where they are interpreted. 2. Integration – The brain and spinal cord are the major organs for processing sensory input and initiating responses. 3. Homeostasis – This function depends on the ability of the nervous system to detect, interpret and respond to changes in internal and external condition. 4. Mental Activity – The brain is the center of mental activity such as consciousness, memory, and thinking. 5. Control of Muscles and Glands – Skeletal muscles contract only when stimulated by the nervous system. The nervous system also participate in controlling cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and many glands.DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM1. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord, whereas the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of nerves and ganglia. 2. The sensory division of the PNS transmits action potentials to the CNS; the motor division carries action potentials away from the CNS. 3. The somatic motor nervous system innervates skeletal muscle and is mostly under voluntary control. The autonomic nervous system innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands and it is mostly under involuntary control. 4. The autonomic nervous system is divided into sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric portions. CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEMNeuron or Nerve Cell Receive stimuli and transmit action potentials to other neurons or effector organs. Parts include; 1. Cell body – consists of a single nucleus, rough ER, golgi apparatus and mitochondria and structures of the cell. 2. Dendrites – are the cytoplasmic extensions of the neuron’s cell body. It function to receive information from another neuron. 3. Axon – a long cell process