环境工程专业英语unit.docVIP

3 Biological Wastewater Treatment Application of microbial degradation and removal of undesirable constituents in industrial and municipal wastes is not a new concept. It is commonly used process for general wastewater treatment activities and has been for many years. As the awareness of chemical contamination of the environment, much research on biological degradation of toxic chemicals has occurred. Among the range of treatment technologies, biological degradation ranks among the most effective. Its management and application is enhanced by the potential to apply biological treatment in sequence with other chemical and thermal processes. Activated sludge The activated sludge process is s typical type of suspended growth biological treatment system and probably the most widely used biological process for the treatment of organic and industrial wastewaters. However, it can only treat aqueous organic wastestreams having less than 1% suspended solid content, and can not tolerate shock loading of concentrated organics. Therefore, the wastestream entering this process will usually have passed through a pretreatment process which includes a clarifier (primary clarifier) and an equalization basin. The primary clarifier is used for removal of grit, oily and fatty material and gross solid material, while the equalization basin is used to dampen wastewater flow variations and to provide more uniform organic loading to the activated sludge system. Activated sludge process are used to treat municipal and industrial wastes since they are versatile, flexible, and can be used to produce an effluent of desired quality by varying process parameters. The process was so-named because it produces an active mass of microorganisms capable of aerobically stabilizing a waste. Many versions of the basic process exist but all are fundamentally similar. The term activated sludge is applied to both the process and to the biological solids in the treatment unit. The mixed liquor suspended sol