实习九 变质岩.ppt

实习九 变质岩 目的：1、熟悉变质岩的结构、构造 2、认识几种常见的变质岩 内容：观察并描述：石榴石矽卡岩、 大理岩、红柱石角岩、片麻岩、 石榴石云母片岩、绿泥石片岩、 千枚岩、板岩等 观察：绢云母片岩、石英岩、 碎裂岩、糜棱岩等 What Rocks Tell Us Metamorphism Metamorphism (from the Greek words for “changing form”) is the process by which rising temperature—and changes in other environmental conditions—transforms rocks and minerals. Metamorphism occurs in solid rock—like the transformations in the vase as the potter fires it in her kiln. Metamorphism can change any type of parent rock: sedimentary, igneous, or even another metamorphic rock. Orthogneiss designates a gneiss derived from an igneous rock, and paragneiss is one from a sedimentary rock. 变质岩概述 岩石在深部受高温、高压和化学活动性流体等内动力因素的影响下，在固态条件下发生变化和改造的过程称为变质作用。变质作用形成的岩石称为变质岩，与岩浆岩和沉积岩构成了地壳中三种主要的岩石类型。 变质岩可以由沉积岩、岩浆岩甚至是变质岩变质而成，原岩是岩浆岩的变质岩称为正变质岩，原岩是沉积岩的变质岩称为副变质岩。 Types of Metamorphism Contact Around Intrusions Shallow: 0-6 Km Low Pressure Local Regional Wide Areas 5-20 Km, Sometimes 30+ High Pressure Usually accompained by Deformation Regional metamorphism is common near a subduction zone. The pink shaded area is a zone where rising magma and tectonic force cause abnormally high temperatures and regional metamorphism. The red lines connect points of equal temperature and are called isotherms. What Happens During Metamorphism 1. Textural changes ——Recrystallization 2. Minerals React to Form New Minerals 2SiO2 + CaMg(CO3) 2 == CaMgSi2O6 + 2CO2 Quartz + Dolomite == Pyroxene 3. Minerals Change Form Al2SiO5 == Al2SiO5 Andalusite == Kyanite 4. New Materials Are Added (Metasomatism) CaMg(SiO2)2 + 2CO2 == CaMg(CO3)2 + 2SiO2 Pyroxene + CO2 == Dolomite + Quartz Minerals in Solution == Ore Bodies 5. Deformation and foliation: Metamorphic foliation can resemble sedimentary bedding but is different in origin. 变质岩的肉眼观察 颜色—无特别意义 结构—微观特征 构造—宏观特征 矿物成分—相对于沉积岩和变质岩，矿物组成比较复杂 变质岩的结构 变余结构：由于变形和重结晶作用不强烈，原岩的矿物成分和结构改造不彻底。 原因：原结构粗大－变余砾