第12章 癫痫（参考）.pptVIP

Disturbance of consciousness occurs and ceases slower than petit mal. Alternation in muscular tone is obvious EEG Shows slow and irregular spike-slow or sharp- slow wave with abnormal background activity. Can only be found in infants and characterized be repetitive clonic jerking accompanied by loss of consciousness. EEG shows rapid activity, slow wave, and irregular spike-slow waves. Commonly seen in children and juvenile at sleeping Characterized by continuing muscle contraction that can lead to fixation of the limb and to deviation of the head and eyes to one side;the accompanying arrest of ventilating movement leads to cyanosis. Consciousness is lost. EEG shows low potential 10c/s waves with gradually increased amplitude. The initial manifestations are unconsciousness and tonic contractions of limb muscles for 10~30 seconds, producing extension of the extremities and arching of the body in apparent opisthotonos. Tonic contractions of the muscles of respiration may produce an expiration-induced vocalization(cry or moan) and cyanosis, and contraction of masticatory( 咀嚼肌) may cause tongue trauma. The patient falls to the ground and may be injured. The clonic phase is followed by a clonic (alternating muscle contraction and relaxation) phase of symmetric limb jerking that persists for an additional 30~60 seconds or longer. With the time, the jerking becomes less frequent, until finally with a big jerking, all movements cease and the muscles are flaccid. During above two phases, the patient has an increased heart rate, blood pressure, secretion of perspiration, saliva, and corediastasis, arrest breath, cyanosis, and areflexia. After clonic phase, the patient still shows transient tonic convulsion which result in lockjaw and urinary incontinence. Ventilating efforts return immediately. The mouth may forth with saliva or blood and heart rate, blood pressure, respiration,and pupils will be back to normal. The patient regain consciousness gradually(for about 5