第1章静止电荷的电场(之一).pptVIP

Today’s Agenda Electric Charges Coulomb’s Law The Electric Field Electric Field of a Point Charge Electric Field of a Bunch of Charges Electric Field of a Continuous Charge Distribution Electric Charges A rosin rod rubbed with fur is suspended by a thread. A glass rod rubbed with silk is brought near the rosin rod. The rosin rod is attracted toward the glass rod. Electric Charges… If two charged rosin rods (or two charged glass rods) are brought near each other, the rosin rod (or glass rod) is repelled by the other rosin rod (or glass rod). Properties of Electric Charges… Du Fay’s explanation (法国科学家杜菲的解释) : There exist two kinds of charges in nature. One is vitreous(玻璃型）, the other is resinous(松脂型). Unlike charges attract; like charges repel (异种电 荷相吸，同种电荷相斥). Properties of Electric Charges… Properties of Electric Charges… Charge is conserved (电荷守恒). For an isolated system（孤立系统）, the algebraic sum of the quantity of the positive and negative charges keeps constant at any time. Properties of Electric Charges… Charge is quantized (电荷的量子性). Electric charge always occurs as some integral multiple of some fundamental unit of charge, e = 1.602×10 -19 C. Thus q = N e. Properties of Electric Charges… Quark Model Properties of Electric Charges… Relativistic invariance of electric charge (电荷的相对论不变性). The electric quantity of an electric charge is independent of the state of motion. Point Charge (or Particle Charge，点电荷) It’s an idealized model. It’s a mathematical point (no size and no shape). It has charge and mass. Deal with it regardless of the distribution of charge. Is it like particle（质点）which we mentioned in Mechanics? Coulomb’s Law(Inverse-square force law for electricity) In an inertial frame of reference, the force between two small stationary point charges in vacuum is in the inverse ratio of the squares of the distance between the two particles and is proportional to the product of the charges q1 and q2. It