scotland培训教程文件.pptVIP

Scotland Scotland Population: 5.06 million(2001) Area: 78 782 square km Scotland in General Second largest -in population/ geographical area Own identity -a unified state independent of the UK Largest city: Glasgow Capital city: Edinburgh Beauty/ ancient internationally respected universities dating from 15th century. Edinburgh History: NOT conquered by Romans -edge of northern highland, a while -Hadrian’s Wall ruined, lengths of it can still be seen and walked along NOT conquered by the Anglo-Saxons mostly Division between highland and lowland Scotland remains a cultural divide today -the same way as north and south England see the differences from each other. Gaelic -old Celtic language -areas in the highlands *3/4 of the population lives in the lowland Viking raids -9th century -the outside pressure led the Scottish kings to unify -Anglo-Scottish conflict -close ties between aristocracies/ royal families Royal arms *movie: Brave heart William Wallace’s uprising in 1298, failed Robert Bruce, Battle of Bannock burn, 300 years of full independence. James the First of England 1063 Queen Elizabeth died childless James 6th of Scotland Uniting the two thrones -1707 Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments -Clan(extended family group) culture -Tartan Battle of Culloden Rebellions in 1715/ 1745 Gathering support marching into England 1745 rebel army destroyed at Battle of Culloden Agricultural changes of the 18th century -depopulation of the highlands -Scots sought fortune outside: England, US, Canada, Australia Dream of Independent Never vanish, not shared by most Scots Same way of electing its members of parliament to the London parliament -holds 72 seats Labor party -a regional parliament for Scotland managing its own internal affairs within UK Arts, Philosophy Science A great tradition Inventor of t