Structures,Unions,BitManipulations,andEnumerations优秀讲义.pptVIP

Chapter 8 - Structures, Unions, Bit Manipulations, and Enumerations 8.1 Introduction Structures Collections of related variables (aggregates) under one name Can contain variables of different data types Commonly used to define records to be stored in files Combined with pointers, can create linked lists, stacks, queues, and trees 8.2 Structure Definitions Example struct card { char *face; char *suit; }; struct introduces the definition for structure card struct card is the structure name and is used to declare variables of the structure type struct card contains two members of type char * These members are face and suit 8.2 Structure Definitions struct information A struct cannot contain an instance of itself Can contain a member that is a pointer to the same structure type A structure definition does not reserve space in memory Instead creates a new data type used to declare structure variables Declarations Declared like other variables: struct card oneCard, deck[ 52 ], *cPtr; Can use a comma separated list: struct card { char *face; char *suit; } oneCard, deck[ 52 ], *cPtr; 8.2 Structure Definitions Valid Operations Assigning a structure to a structure of the same type Taking the address () of a structure Accessing the members of a structure Using the sizeof operator to determine the size of a structure 结构体的声明 结构体的声明：得到一种新的数据类型 struct 结构类型名{ 成员列表; }; 例：定义一个复数结构  struct complex{ float re ; float im; }; 定义结构类型变量 struct complex x,y; 结构体变量的引用 直接使结构类型变量 struct complex x; x.re = 10.2 ; x.im = 20.5 ; 通过指向结构类型对象的指针来访问 结构体变量的初始化 struct complex x = {10.2, 20.5}; struct STUDENT { long int serial_number; // 学号 char name[10]; // 姓名 int sex; // 性别 int age; // 年龄 char department[30]; // 所属系 }; struct STUDENT a= ”Zhang” , 1, 18, ”Computer” }; 8.3 Initializing Structures Initializer lists Example: struct card oneCard = { Three, Hearts }; Assignment statements Example: