21-步进电机控制论文.doc

中文摘要 步进电动机由于用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价，又非常可行，因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。 随着微电子和计算机技术的发展，步进电机的需求量与日俱增，它广泛用于打印机、电动玩具等消费类产品以及数控机床、工业机器人、医疗器械等机电产品中，其在各个国民经济领域都有应用。研究步进电机的控制系统，对提高控制精度和响应速度、节约能源等都具有重要意义。 步进电机是一种能将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件，步进电机控制系统主要由步进控制器,功率放大器及步进电机等组成。采用单片机控制,用软件代替上述步进控制器,使得线路简单,成本低,可靠性大大增加。软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来控制各种步进电机的运行方式。 本设计是采用STC89C51单片机对步进电机的控制，通过I/O口输出的时序方波作为步进电机的控制信号，信号经过芯片ULN2003驱动步进电机。 根据不同的需要我们可以有十个不同档位速度的选择，并可以实现正反转。为了更显人性化，我们加上了一个数码管显示，显示步进电机的运行状态。 关键词：步进电机单片机正反转控制ABSTRACT Stepper motor?due to the use of?the?composition of the?open-loop system is simple,?cheap,?and very practical,?so it is used?widely in many fields?of printer?and other office automation equipment and various?control device. With?the development of microelectronics and computer technology,the stepper motor demand?grow with each passing day,?it is widely used in the printer,?electric toys and other?consumer products?and CNC machines,?industrial robots,?medical equipment and othermechanical and electrical?products,?which?are applied?in?various fields of the national economy.?Studies of the stepping motor control system,?to improve the control precision and response?speed,?is of great significance to?energy saving?etc.. Stepper motor is a?pulse signal can be?converted into?mechanicalangular displacement or line displacement components,?stepper motor control?system is composed of?stepping?controller?composed of?a power amplifier,?and stepping motor.?Using single chip microcomputer control,?using software instead of?the above?step controller,?the?circuit is simple,?low cost,?reliability is improved greatly.?Software programming?flexibility to?produce?operation mode?of different types ofstepper motor?excitation?sequence?to control all kinds of?stepper motor. This design?is the use of STC89C51 microcontroller?to?control?the stepping motor,?temporal?side?through the I/O port output?wave?as the control signal?of step motor,?the signal through the?chip ULN2003 to drive the?steppe