法律知识导读（英文）第十四单元 H. L. A. Hart.pptVIP

Unit 14 H. L. A. Hart 赫伯特·哈特 Lead-in H. L. A. 哈特（1907年7月18日－1992年12月19日），英国著名法理学家，新分析法学派首创人，是20世纪最重要的法律哲学家之一。他曾长期任牛津大学法理学教授，主要著作有《法律的概念》（1961）、《法、自由和道德》（1963）和《刑法的道德性》（1965）等。他的学说和H.凯尔森的纯粹法学构成了20世纪分析实证主义法学中的两派。哈特的贡献在于以语言分析哲学为基础，重新挽救了在二战后饱受批评的分析实证法学，其两位学生拉兹与麦考米也是新分析实证法学派的代表人物。 H. L. A. Hart ------Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart (18 July 1907 – 19 December 1992) was an influential legal philosopher of the 20th century. He was Professor of Jurisprudence at Oxford University and the Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford. His most famous work is The Concept of Law (1961). Biographical sketch Born in 1907, Educated at Cheltenham College, Bradford Grammar School and at New College, Oxford. Becaming a Barrister and practised successfully at the Chancery Bar from 1932 to 1940. During World War II, Hart worked with MI5, a division of British military intelligence. In 1952, he was elected Professor of Jurisprudence at Oxford. He retired from the Chair in 1969. ◆ Many of his students are important legal, moral, and political philosophers: Brian Barry, John Finnis, Kent Greenawalt, Neil MacCormick, Joseph Raz, Chin Liew Ten, W. J. Waluchow, and Ronald Dworkin. ◆ Hart also had a strong influence on the young John Rawls in the 1950s. Philosophical method Mainly by analytic, and especially linguistic, philosophy. He combined the careful analysis of twentieth-century analytic philosophy with the jurisprudential tradition of Jeremy Bentham. The Concept of Law The Concept of Law developed a sophisticated view of legal positivism. Ideas: A critique of John Austins theory: law is the command of the sovereign backed by the threat of punishment. A distinction between primary and secondary legal rules: a primary rule governs conduct and a secondary rule allows the creation, alteration, or extinction of primary rules. A distinction between the internal and external points of view of law and rules. ◆ A late reply (published as a postscript to the second