翻译课作业答案.doc

Synthetic (E) vs. Analytic (C) 综合语vs分析语 They told me that by the end of the year they would have been working together for thirty years. Synthetic 他们告诉我，到（那年）年底，他们在一起工作就有三十年了。 Analytic Definitions for Synthetic Analytic Languages A synthetic language is “characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships. English An analytic language is “characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs, and changes in word order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”. Chinese Features of English as a Synthetic Language 综合语 英语通过词汇的形态变化，表示句子丰富多采的语言关系和逻辑关系。 性(gender)、数（number)、格(case)、时(tense)、体(aspect)、语态(voice)、语气(mood)、比较级(degree of comparison)、人称(person) Features of Chinese as an Analytic Language 分析语 汉语基本没有形态变化，主要靠词语、词序及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。 Translation techniques 英译汉时，一般用加词或变换说法的办法来表示。 汉译英时，应把汉语的时态、语态、情态、语气等用英语的形态变化表达出来,并能尽可能地运用分词和派生名词使句子结构简洁地道。 [例1]Oxford is much smaller in number, for example, than the State University of Minnesota, and is much poorer. It has, or had till yesterday, fewer students than the University of Toronto. [例2]During the wartime, years like these would have meant certain death for many people. Many would have become beggars and others would have been compelled to sell their children. [例3]Well-planned and managed ecotourism has proven to be one of the most effective tools for long-term conservation of biodiversity. [例4] The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. [译文1]牛津大学在校学生少多了，比明尼苏达州立大学都要少，也穷多了。无论现在还是过去，牛津的在校学生都比多伦多大学少。 [译文2]战争期间碰到这样的年景，很多人肯定会死去，很多人会逃荒要饭，很多人会被迫卖儿卖女。 [译文3]精心规划、严格管理的生态旅游已被证明是长期保护生物多样性的最有效的方法之一。 [译文4]群山开始向山谷投下一道道蓝灰色长影。 [例5]李教授原打算在这干一辈子的，但还是由于种种原因去了深圳。 [例6]听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来了。 [例7]一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。 [例8]杭州位于钱塘江北岸，是一座花园城市，素以风景优美著称。 [译文5] Professor Li had planned to work here for the rest of his life, but now he has gone to Sh