食品专业英语文选(第二版)许学勤.doc

Food(p7) Vegetables are a second type of plant matter that is commonly eaten as food.蔬菜作为第二类植物类型，是常吃的食物。 These include root vegetables (such as potatoes and carrots),leaf vegetables (such as spinach and lettuce),stem vegetables(such as bamboo shoots and asparagus),and inflorescence vegetables(such as globe artichokes and broccoli).包括根菜类（例如马铃薯和胡萝卜），叶菜类（例如菠菜和生菜），茎秆蔬菜（例如竹子的嫩枝和芦笋），和花序蔬菜（例如朝鲜蓟和花木耶菜） Many herbs and spices are highly-flavorful vegetables.许多草本植物和香料都是味很浓的蔬菜。 Food sources from Animals---Animals can be used as food either directly or indirectly by the products they produce.来源于动物的食物：动物能被直接或者间接的通过他们生产出产品。 Meat is an example of a direct product taken from an animal,which comes from either muscle systems or from organs.肉类食材是直接从动物提取的一个例子，肉来源于动物的肌肉系统或者器官。 Food products produced by animals include milk produced by mammals,which in many cultures is drunk or processed into dairy products such as cheese or butter由动物生产的食品包括哺乳动物的奶，在许多国家这些奶被直接饮用或者加工成奶制品，例如奶酪、黄油。 In addition birds and other animals lay eggs ,which are often eaten , and bees produce honey , a popular sweetener in many cultures.此外鸟和其他动物下的蛋也可以食用，还有蜜蜂产的蜂蜜是很多国家热衷的甜味佐料。 Some cultures consume blood , some in the form of blood sausage , as a thickener for sauces , a cured salted form for times of food scarcity , and others use blood in stews such as civet.一些国家会吃血，有香肠的形式，食物短缺时代会有作为增稠剂的固化盐渍酱，其他人们还会用血炖菜，例如灵猫。 Water as Nutrients(p17) About 60%, by weight, of a person’s body is water. 一个人身体的重量约60%,是水 A normal person experiences symptoms of dehydration when 5 ~ 10% of the body weight is lost as water and not soon replaced. Long before this occurs, thirst, weakness, and mental confusion are experienced. 一个正常人在失去体重的5 ~ 10%水之后,并且不能很快得到补充，就经历脱水的症状，在这之前，会有口渴，乏力，和精神混乱的经历。 If the state of dehydration progresses further, the skin and lips lose elasticity, the cheeks become pale and the eyeballs sunken, the volume of urine decreases, and ultimately respiration ceases. 如果脱水状态的进一步推进，皮肤和嘴唇失去弹性，脸颊变得苍白，眼球凹陷，尿量减少，最终呼吸停止。 Under certain