翻译理论与实践肇盟盟第十三章-宋鸽梁俊教材分析.ppt

第十三章认知隐喻理论和翻译实践 梁俊 肇盟盟 宋鸽 Contents 传统隐喻理论和认知隐喻理论的区别 1 概念隐喻的跨文化特征 2 认知隐喻和翻译实践的关系 3 从认知隐喻角度看翻译的几个实例 4 传统隐喻理论和认知隐喻理论的区别 传统隐喻理论 认知隐喻理论 区别 “隐喻” ---What is life? ---Life is stage. 隐喻 Definition A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another. 隐喻就是用人们比较熟悉的事物来表达较为比较抽象的概念。 隐喻 For example 1. Tom is a donkey. 汤姆简直是头驴。 隐喻：汤姆是一个像驴一般的人，指愚蠢的人。 2.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in his nature. 他的本性及残暴又狡猾。隐喻：老虎在英语文化中是凶残的象征，猿猴则是狡猾的代表. 3. We suggest that you break the ice by some words of less weight. 隐喻：此句中“break the ice”是英语里特有的，而汉语里并没有这样的表达，此处应译为“打破或缓解僵局”  传统理论中的隐喻 Metaphor is for most people a device of poetic imagination and the rhetorical flourish—a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language. Metaphor is typically viewed as characteristic of language alone, a matter of words rather than thought or action. 1 2 传统隐喻的特征 隐喻是奇特语言，不是一般语言。 隐喻不是普通人用的语言，而是文人雅士用的语言。 隐喻是语言现象，不是思维现象。 For example Every dog has its day. 凡人自由出头日 You can not teach old dogs new tricks. 你无法教老手新把戏 Over head and ears in love (深坠情网); Over head and ears in work (埋头工作) 认知隐喻理论 Metaphor is so ordinary that we use it unconsciously and automatically； as a result metaphor does not belong to the category of literature only. In fact, metaphors in literature also rely heavily on everyday ones. Metaphor is not only a matter of language, but more importantly a matter of thought. 认知隐喻的特征 Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text Click to add Text 认知隐喻理论必须包括更多的隐喻。 认知隐喻的根源其实是思维，所有语言音羽都源于思维 区别 传统的隐喻理论虽然历史悠久，但对隐喻现象的解释力毕竟有限:特征匹配、突出性失衡、只能在一定程度上揭示隐喻的本质。 认知隐喻理论能捕捉到隐喻的丰富性和复杂性，更加丰富多彩。 传统隐喻理论 认知隐喻理论 映射—爱情是旅行 Got knife pig----a dead mouse feels no cold 挨了刀的肥猪——死猪不怕开水烫 概念隐喻的跨文化特征 primary metaphor 基本（语言）隐喻 图像图式（概念）隐喻 image-schema metaphor Metaphors we live by 我们赖以生存的隐喻 复合隐喻 基本隐喻 以基本方位、冷热、视觉、等概念为基础的语言隐喻称之为基本隐喻 基本隐喻 Text in here I failed to grasp your