植物细胞全能性专用课件.pptVIP

Cell Totipotency 植物学-易欣 S091573 细胞全能性（cell totipotency）比较权威的定义是1984年国际组织培养协会做出的：“细胞全能性为细胞的某种特征，有这种能力的细胞保留形成有机体所有细胞类型的能力”。 Germ cells are often described as the ultimate totipotent stem cell. The totipotent potential of germ cells is evident in the mature eggs of many animals, where somatic gene products, including those required for the patterning of the early embryo, are present but not utilized until fertilization. There are three features contribute to the germ cell’s unique ability to retain the totipotent potential necessary for the conception of an entirely new organism. 1、Transcriptional Repression Restricts Germ Cell Fate 2、Germ Cells Rely on Their Niche 3、Conserved Regulators Control the Germ Cell Program Transcriptional Repression Restricts Germ Cell Fate Transcriptional Repression Restricts Germ Cell Fate Germ Cells Rely on Their Niche The niche provides the necessary signals that regulate the balance between self-renewal and differentiation that is needed for proper progression through gametogenesis. Germ Cells Rely on Their Niche Conserved Regulators Control the Germ Cell Program mRNAs coding for essential germline factors have been identified in germ granules, and many of the protein components of germ granules are implicated in various aspects of mRNA regulation. The specific mechanisms involved, however, remain poorly understood and are likely to be complex. Conserved Regulators Control the Germ Cell Program Conserved Regulators Control the Germ Cell Program Conserved Regulators Control the Germ Cell Program For example, the DEAD box helicase Vasa, a widely conserved component of germ granules, is required for the expression of several proteins in Drosophila, including Gurken in oocytes and Nanos in the germ plasm of embryos. Conserved Regulators Control the Germ Cell Program Vasa regulation of Gurken depends on an interaction with the translation factor eIF5B, suggesting that Vasa functions directly in the translational activation of Gurken