基础化学复习内容review 学习指导书.pptVIP

* Basic concepts: State function: internal energy, entropy, enthalpy, free energy; heat, work, the first, second, and third law of thermodynamics, the extent of reaction, thermochemical equation, thermodynamic standard state, Hess’ Law, standard molar enthalpy (free energy) of formation, spontaneity of a chemical reaction, equilibrium constant, reaction quotient, shift of a chemical equilibrium. Chapter 6 Thermodynamics Calculation : enthalpy change, entropy change, and free energy change of a chemical reaction, equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction, turn-over temperature of a reaction. Chapter 6 Thermodynamics Basic concepts: rate of reaction, elementary reaction, law of mass action, rate constant, reaction order, half-life of a reaction, activation energy, collision theory and transition-state theory, effect of concentration, temperature, and catalyst on the reaction rate. Chapter 7 Kinetics Calculation: calculation concerning first, second, and zero-order reaction. 反应能不能发生？ 反应进行到什么 程度不再继续进行？ 反应物消耗50%所需的时间？ c t Example 6-14: For the reaction: 2HI (g) = H2 (g) + I2 (g) (1). Judge the reaction direction under the thermodynamic standard state at 298.15 K. (2). Judge the reaction direction at 298.15 K when pHI = 100 kPa, pH2 = 10.0 kPa, pI2 = 1.0 kPa. (3). Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction at 298.15 K. (4). What is the temperature for the equilibrium to be reached under the standard state? (5). What is the temperature for the equilibrium to be reached when pHI = 100 kPa, pH2 = 10.0 kPa, pI2 = 1.0 kPa? Exercises Solution: (1): 2HI (g) = H2 (g) + I2 (g) The backward reaction is spontaneous under standard state at 298.15 k. Exercises (1). Judge the reaction direction under the thermodynamic standard state at 298.15 K. (2). Judge the reaction direction at 298.15 K when pHI = 100 kPa, pH2 = 10.0 kPa, pI2 = 1.0 kPa. (2): The forward reaction is spontaneous. (3). Calculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction at 298.15 K. (3):