一对一英语语法辅导资料-6简单句以及练习题.docxVIP

一对一英语语法辅导资料6----简单句一、英语的句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1、陈述句：用来说明事实或说话人的看法，包括肯定句和否定句。如：He?is?a?doctor. I?didn’t?go?to?school?yesterday.2、祈使句：用来表示请求、命令。?如：Be?quiet！ Don’t?play?with??fire！3、问句：用来提出问题。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。如：Do?you?like?English？ What?time?is?it?Does?he?like?playing? football?or?playing?basketball?They?went?out, didn’t?they？4、感叹句：用来表达强烈的感情。如：What?a??fine?day?it?is!How?beautiful！二、用法讲析：1、陈述句：中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。几种常见形式：(1)含有谓语动词be，变否定时，be后加not即be?not……I?am?a?? teacher → I?am?not?a?teacher.There?are?some?books→There?are?not ?any?books.(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词(如：work ?live)时，要用助动词do/does/did + not + 动词原形。如：They?like?swimming→They?don’t?like?swimming. I came?late → I?didn’t?come?late(3) 句中含有all，both的句子，变完全否定时，要将all→none, both→neither, both…and…→ neither…nor…要注意谓语动词的变化。如：All?of?us?watched?the?TV → None?of?us?watched?the TV.Both of them are students.→Neither of them is?a?student.Both?Tom?and?John?have?done?the?homework.→Neither?Tom?nor?John?has?done?the?homework.(4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为 have/has+not+done或had+not+done(5) had?better?do?something变否定时为 had?better?not ?do…如：You’d?better?have?a?rest → You’d?better?not?have?a?rest.2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：一般指用Yes或No回答的疑问句。I?Tom?at?home？?Yes,?he?is./No,?he?isn’t.Can?you?swim？?Yes, I?can./No, I?can’t.Have?they?been?to?Beijing？?Yes, they?have./No,?they ?haven’t.（2）特殊疑问句：是以疑问词开头的疑问句。常用疑问词what，where，who，how，what?time，how?long等其结构：疑问词+一般疑问句？ 要注意使用一般疑问句的语序。. My?name?is?Mary→What?is?your?name？I?usually?? get?up?at 6:30→When?do?you?get ?up？注意：疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时，语序不变即疑问词（疑问词+被修饰词）+动词+其他？Han?Mei?is?on?duty?Today.→Who?is?on?duty?today？My?ruler?is?blue.→Whose?ruler?is?blue？还应注意：特殊疑问句不能用Yes或No回答，应问什么答什么。（3）选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种。这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。其结构：“一般疑问句+or+其他？”Is?her?brother?a?doctor↗or?a↘teacher??前升后降Shall?we?go?to?the cinema?on↗Saturday?or?on↘Sunday？注意：回答时不用Yes或No，直接回答（根据事实回答）。如：—Does?he?like?English?or?Chinese？—He?likes?? Chinese.（4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句之后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句 + 简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句 + 简略肯定问句”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。如：It