Unit 2 Period Two Learning about Language学案 人教版选修6.docVIP

Unit 2 Period Two Learning about Language学案 人教版选修6 虚拟语气(二)1．与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 在该类条件句中，条件从句中的谓语动词用had＋过去分词，主句中的谓语动词用would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词。 If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do. 如果他了解事实，他就能告诉我们怎样做。 If I had been less cautious, I might have been more wise. 如果我不那么谨慎，我或许更明智。 If he had received the present，he should have thanked her. 如果他收到了礼物，他是应当向她道谢的。 2．对将来情况假设的虚拟条件句 该类条件句表示将来实现的可能性不大。if从句中的谓语动词可以用三种形式，即should＋v., were to＋v.或动词的过去式，主句中的谓语动词用should/would/could/might＋v.。 If you dropped the glass, it would break. 杯子摔下来会打碎的。 If I were to go to the moon some day, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes. ＝ If I should go to the moon some day. . . ＝ If I went to the moon some day. . .要是有一天我上了月球，我就能亲眼看到月球的表面是什么样子了。 If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨，会议就将被推迟。 If there should be a flood, what should we do? 万一发生水灾，我们该怎么办？ 注意：有时从句中的谓语动词由should＋动词原形构成，主句的谓语却不一定用虚拟语气，这种情况实现的可能性虽小，但也不是完全没有可能。 Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 万一你见到她，让她给我打电话。 现将虚拟条件句的三种情况列表如下： 假设情况 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与过去事实相反 过去完成式(had＋过去分词) ＋have＋过去分词 与现在事实相反 过去式(be的过去式常用were) ＋动词原形 与将来事实相反 ①过去式②should＋动词原形③were to＋动词原形 3.有关虚拟条件句的几种情况 (1)条件从句中的谓语部分有were，should和had时，if有时可以省略，这时从句中的主语和谓语要用倒装语序。 Were I you，I would go with them. 如果我是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。 Should I have time，I would call on her. 我要是有时间就去看她。 (2)if it be not for...也是一种条件虚拟语气从句。 If it had not been for the help of our teacher, we should not have made so much progress. 如果没有老师的帮助，我们就不会取得这么大的进步。 If it had not been for me, you would not be free. 要不是我，你就不会自由。 Had it not been for his help，I wouldn’t have succeeded. 如果没有他的帮助，我就不会成功。 注意：句中的if it weren’t for.../if it hadn’t been for... 相当于but for...，意为“多亏了……，要不是……”。这两个句型倒装时not总是在it之后，即were it not for.../had it not been for...。 (3)有些条件句中主句的谓语和从句的谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。 (4)有时虚拟语气的条件是通过词或短语表示出来的。 There wouldn’t be such modern industry without electricity (＝if there weren’t electricity)． 倘若没有电，就不会有现代工业。 He is ill.Otherwise (＝if he we