介词用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前.doc

5.2?介词 介词用于名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前，表示词语间语义关系的，指明其后面的宾语和前面的名词或动词的关系。 有些词既可用作介词也可用作连词，区别在于：介词后面跟名词，连词后面跟从句。如： Tortoise was very happy as he flew among the birds, and he was soon chosen as the man to speak for the party because he was a great orator. 乌龟飞在鸟儿们中间，非常高兴，由于他擅长演说，很快就被推选为大伙儿的发言人。(B3-U1-L28) -- 第一个as是连词，第二个是as介词。 有些词既可用作介词也可用作副词，区别在于：介词有宾语，副词无宾语。如： When everything had been set before the guests, one of the people of the sky came forward and tasted a little from each pot. 等所有的菜肴在客人们面前摆好后，一位天上来的人走上前来，把每样菜肴都尝一口。 (B3-U1-L48) (句中 before为介词) Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races, sexes, and economic classes more equally than ever before. 今天已建成了一个比以往任何时候都更加平等地对待不同种族、性别及经济阶层的社会，大多数人为此感到自豪。 (B3-U2-L57) （句中before为副词） 5.2.1??介词的分类 1．简单介词：由一个单词构成的介词，常用的有：above, about, across, after, against, along, among, at, before, below, behind, beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, opposite, outside, over, past, since, through, throughout, till, toward(s), under, up, within, with, without等。 2．复杂介词：由两个或两个以上单词构成的介词，如：due to, except for, out of, together with, previous to, prior to, thanks to, up to, by means of, by way of, for the sake of, in the event of, on the point of, with a view to, irrespective of, because of, as for, as to, ahead of, according to, in front of, on top of等。如： Wives, on the other hand, may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry at their husbands. 另一方面，妻子因对丈夫有气而浪费大量钱财。(B1-p42-L8) According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. 按心理学家的说法，许多人是购物成癖的人。(B1-p42-L16) Note: 复杂介词的搭配都是固定的，一般不可随意变更。同一个名词与不同的介词搭配所表达的意义往往不同，名词前的限定词语不同也会影响介词短语的意义。因此，学习者应把这些固定搭配的介词短语作为一个意义单位记忆。以由time构成的几个固定搭配为例。 on time按时，准时；in time及时，迟早，过一段时间；in good time留有充分的时间，提前；at no time决不； in no time立即，马上；at times有时；宾for a time一度，短时间内，for the time being暂时。如： Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time.