南京地区春季外来杂草入侵调查.docVIP

南京地区春季外来杂草入侵调查 徐 公 南京师范大学中北学院 生物技术专业 01级21班 摘要：调查南京市春季不同生境下外来杂草的种类和分布情况，并对数据结果进行处理分析。调查结果表明：南京市春季外来杂草共有16科30属37种；分析结果表明：影响南京市外来杂草存在，分布的主要因素是人为干扰强度和土壤水分条件。依据这两个因素的不同，样点可划分为4个聚类群：聚类群Ⅰ包括的样点分布于火车站，铁路边等外来杂草首先进入的地区；聚类群Ⅱ的样点是来自南京郊区，例如荒地、路边等无人管理的生境；聚类群Ⅲ包含的样点以公园、景区为主，人工管理水平高的地区；聚类群Ⅳ的样点多是河边，湖畔等土壤含水量较高的区域。文章分析了各聚类群物种丰富度的差异，表明了外来杂草的入侵对南京本地生境的不利影响，最后对如何加强管理外来杂草提出几点意见。 关键词：南京 外来杂草 生境 聚类群 Survey on Spring Exotic Weeds in Nanjing Abstract： A survey of species and distribution of spring exotic weeds was conducted in different habitats in Nanjing, the collected date analyzed. The results of survey showed that there are 37 exotic weed species belonging to 30 genera and 16 families in spring in the region. The results of analysis showed that the most important factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of exotic weed species were the levels of human disturbance and soil humidity. According to these two factors, all samples were divided into 4 groups. GroupⅠ included samples collected from train station and right-of-railroads where the exotic weed species entered first. GroupⅡ included samples coming from the suburbs of Nanjing ,for example, the wastelands and right-of-ways were non-managed or non-irrigated environment. GroupⅢ included samples located in public parks、squares under intensive management. The last group was mainly composed of samples distributed on the waterside where the soil contains higher water. The analysis of the difference of species richness among groups showed that invasion of exotic weeds had a harmful influence on habitat of Nanjing. Some suggestions for management of exotic weeds are proposed. Key word： Nanjing ; exotic weeds; habitat; group 0引言 外来入侵杂草，系指原产外地，由于人类或与人类有关的活动致使其重新分布，而出现在其本来不应存在的地区或生态系统内，并能在新环境中自然延续其种群的草类。一般有两种引进方式：①作为有用植物而引进(有意引进)和②随交通工具、进口农产品等而传入(无意引进)。 南京地处长江下游，位于31°14′～32°37′Ｎ，118°22′～119°14′Ｅ，属北亚热带季风气候区，四季分明，平均气温16℃，平均降雨量1106ｍｍ，无霜期237天[1]。除以上两种引进方式外，南京是九朝古都、南北交通枢纽，随着国际以及国内的经济、文化交流日益频繁，每年都有大批海内外宾客来南京旅游观光，导致伴人外来杂草增加。 许多杂草