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Perception and VR MONT 104S, Spring 2008Lecture 22Other Graphics ConsiderationsReview More Complex Objects Lighting and Shading More realistic lighting and shading Texture Mapping Collision Detection User Interface Review--Essay questions Review--Essay questions Review--Essay questions Binary, Hexadecimal, Decimal Colors in computer graphics Computer Graphics Transformations * Complex objects are made up of small polygons, usually triangles (sometimes 1000s of them). Specific algorithms allow the creation of curved surfaces from polygons. More polygons give smoother surfaces, but are slower for rendering. Speeding things up for real-time applications often means using somewhat blocky looking objects. Most real-time graphics use simple models of lighting and shading to generate shaded objects quickly. The models compute the approximate shaded color of each surface pixel based on the following properties: Simulated position of the light source Orientation of the surface relative to the position of the light source The color of the light The material properties of the surface: Color and amount of diffuse reflection (dull surface) Color and amount of specular reflection (shiny surface) Color and amount of ambient lighting. OpenGL allows specification of all of these properties. More realistic shading comes with a time cost. The techniques are not generally used for Virtual Reality because theyre slow. Ray Tracing: In ray tracing, the light rays are traced from the simulated eye position, through each pixel on the screen, back to the object. If necessary, the reflected light ray is projected to the light source. Radiosity: In this technique, the light energy is computed as it reflects off multiple surfaces. This is the slowest technique. Rendering scenes with lots of detail can take too much time. Imagine drawing all the individual blades of grass in a field. We can give the appearance of detail by mapping an image onto a surface. This is known as texture mappi
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