DESALINATION THREAT TO THE GULF海水淡化对海湾的威胁.pptVIP

DESALINATION THREAT TO THE GULF What is desalination and brine?  Seawater is pumped into the plant and pre-treated to meet water quality requirements. The pre-treated water enters the Desalination unit and is divided into a highly pure product (drinking water) and waste water, commonly called brine. This by-product of the desalination process is concentrated salt water containing a mixture of chemicals used during plant operation and is pumped back into the sea.  Prof. Hersh ChadhaOPM (Harvard) ARPS Prof. Hersh ChadhaOPM (Harvard) ARPS DESALINATION PLANTS IN THE ARABIAN GULF Prof. Hersh ChadhaOPM (Harvard) ARPS Arabian Gulf countries are the main producers of desalinated seawater worldwide: Saudi Arabia - 25% U.A.E. - 23% Kuwait - 6% Others - 46%  Prof. Hersh ChadhaOPM (Harvard) ARPS Some Facts of Desalination in the Arabian Gulf Seawater desalinated daily from the Arabian Gulf – 12 Million Cubic metres Seawater desalinated annually from the Arabian Gulf – 4.38 Billion Cubic metres Seawater desalinated daily from the UAE – 6 Million Cubic metres Number of Bottles (1.5 litres capacity) of Water desalinated daily in the UAE – 4 Billion Desalination Plants in the Arabian Gulf - 120 Prof. Hersh ChadhaOPM (Harvard) ARPS Anti-scalants - 64.9 tons Copper - 300 kgs Chlorine - 23.7 tons Daily discharge loads into the Arabian Gulf from desalination plants in the region:  Prof. Hersh ChadhaOPM (Harvard) ARPS Environmental impact of effluents Salinity Reduces vitality and biodiversity at higher values Temperature Can have local impact on biodiversity; minor concern in arid regions. Chlorine Very toxic for many organisms in the mixing zone. Anti-scalants Poor or moderate degradability + high total loads = accumulation, chronic effects and unknown side-effects Copper Low acute toxicity for most species; high danger of accumulation and long term effects; bio-accumulation. Prof. Hersh ChadhaOPM (Harvard) ARPS