Desalination, With a Grain of Salt A California 脱盐加利福尼亚的一粒盐.pptVIP

下载本文档

2
0
约6.08千字
约 14页
2017-02-10 发布于上海
举报
版权申诉

Desalination, With a Grain of Salt A California 脱盐加利福尼亚的一粒盐.ppt

1、本文档共14页，可阅读全部内容。
2、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
5、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
6、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
7、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
8、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

Desalination, With a Grain of Salt: A California Perspective Background Seawater desalination is widely and successfully used in parts of the world. Interest in seawater desalination is growing. Understanding the real costs and benefits is critical to avoiding costly mistakes. The Pacific Institute was asked to prepare an independent California assessment: funded by Packard and the California Coastal and Marine Initiative. Cooley et al. 2006. /reports/desalination Findings Potential benefits of seawater desalination are great. But the economic, environmental, and social costs of wide commercialization remain high. Alternatives can provide these benefits at lower cost, with fewer environmental and social impacts, especially for California. Economic Questions There are some economic advantages that are poorly understood or quantified. Reliability; ecosystem water; independence of supply Actual costs are neither as low nor dropping as fast as claimed. subsidies, interest rates, plant size, energy costs, salinity of the source water, etc. Despite cost reductions in recent years, desalination remains more expensive than other California water supply and demand management options. Energy Intensity of Water Sources in San Diego County Water Supply Diversity and Reliability Largely independent of weather conditions Offers local control Source diversity Water Quality Desalination produces high-quality water (low TDS). But there are uncertainties about blending with existing water distribution systems. Desalination can introduce contaminants from corrosion or from source water. New standards may be needed. Environmental Risks and Benefits Desalination offers environmental advantages: Source displacement And environmental risks: Water intakes (impingement and entrainment) Brine discharge Energy use Climate Change California is especially vulnerable to climate changes, particularly along the coast. Issues to be addressed include: Future sea-level (intake, outfall, design)