Development of a Valid Model of Input Data一种有效的输入数据模型的开发.pptVIP

Development of a Valid Model of Input Data Collection of raw data Identify underlying statistical distribution Estimate parameters Test for goodness of fit Identifying the Distribution Histograms Notes: Histograms may infer a known pdf or pmf. Example: Exponential, Normal, and Poisson distributions are frequently encountered, and less difficult to analyze. Probability plotting (good for small samples) Sample Histograms Sample Histograms (cont.) Sample Histograms (cont.) Discrete Data Example The number of vehicles arriving at the northwest corner of an intersection in a 5-minute period between 7:00 a.m. and 7:05 a.m. was monitored for five workdays over a 20-week period. Following table shows the resulting data. The first entry in the table indicates that there were 12 5-minute periods during which zero vehicles arrived, 10 periods during which one vehicle arrived, and so on. Discrete Data Example (cont.) Arrivals Arrivals per Period Frequency per Period Frequency 0 12 6 7 1 10 7 5 2 19 8 5 3 17 9 3 4 10 10 3 5 8 11 1 Since the number of automobiles is a discrete variable, and since there are ample data, the histogram can have a cell for each possible value in the range of data. The resulting histogram is shown in Figure 2 Histogram of number of arrivals per period Continuous Data Example Life tests were performed on a random sample of 50 PDP-11 electronic chips at 1.5 times the normal voltage, and their lifetime (or time to failure) in days was recorded: 79.919 3.081 0.062 1.961 5.845 3.027 6.505 0.021 0.012 0.123 6.769 59.899 1.192 34.760 5.009 18.387 0.141 43.565 24.420 0.433 144.695 2.663 17.967 0.091 9.003 0.941 0.878 3.371 2.157 7.579 0.624 5.380 3.148 7.078 23.960 0.590 1.928 0.300 0.002 0.5