Development of Tool Use 人民教育出版社－编书育少年 开发工具使用人民教育出版社－编书育少年.pptVIP

CHAPTER 7 FINE MOTOR SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Fine motor skill: generally refers to those motor skills produced predominantly by the smaller muscles or muscle groups of the body. §7.1 REACHING AND GRASPING §7.2 DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL USE §7.3 DEVELOPMENT OF DRAWING §7.4 DEVELOPMENT OF HANDWRITING §7.5 DEVELOPMENT OF BIMANUAL COORDINATION §7.6 APPROACHES TO STUDY THE DEVELOPMENT OF HAND-EYE COORDINATION §7.7 SUMMARY §7.1 REACHING AND GRASPING Development of the Grasp grasp reflex：voluntary, adaptive behaviors Development of Reaching pre-reaching: The movements are quick and ballistic extensions that usually miss the target. successful reaching: Jerky following a zig-zag trajectory . Depending on online visual feedback skillful reaching: They can make more accurate, smooth arm movement trajectories and coordinate their reaching and grasping. In this period, visual feedback can be used but is not necessary. §7.2 DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL USE Development of Tool Use – Spoon Development of Tool Use – Chopsticks Wong and colleagues (2002) defined the average age of using chopsticks to finish most of a Chinese meal was 4.6 years Development of Tool Use - Holding a Writing Implement palmer grasp (power grip) the roles of thumb and fingers are differentiated §7.3 DEVELOPMENT OF DRAWING scribbling stage combine stage aggregate stage pictorial stage it is difficult to set age-related norms experience is One of the most important factors affecting the drawing development of the child’s §7.4 DEVELOPMENT OF HANDWRITING Hamstra-Bletz and Blote (1990) : Thirteen characteristics of handwriting were clustered into different aspects: development of fine motor ability stylistic preference structural performance temporal and spatial characteristics of the children’s movements dysgraphia Development of Handwriting – Chinese Writing Chinese characters (HanZi) is unique and more complex than writing English letters.