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Introduction to Translation Course I. Differences between Translation Exercise and Translation Course Translation Exercise Translation Course Concept an ability of language, or a teaching device (listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating) a means to learn a FL An independent course to study translation closely related to linguistics, semantics, stylistics, contrastive linguistics, etc. Origin An old method originating from the Grammar Translation Method (Aristotle’s view of language: the clothing of thought) A new course appearing with the development of FL teaching and research, cultural studies, comparative literature Aim To help students to acquire/enrich the knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, patterns and expressions of the TL to introduce some basic theories and concepts, methods; to explore some internal rules through practice; to help students to learn how do translation work (see Zhang Peiji《英汉翻译教程》：326; Molei《中国翻译教学研究》：113-4; 《中国翻译词典》：178; Zhang Meifang《中国英汉翻译教材研究（1949—1998）》) II. Course Description This two-term course provides an introduction to the basic theories, skills of translation. Major problems in or related to translation practice are identified and discussed with reference to different conceptual frameworks which have been proposed in (inter)national circle of translation studies. You attend lectures, read reference books and work in groups to explore/discuss various methods and skills of translation. You are encouraged to develop an awareness of different perspectives of translation in your own practice. As part of the compulsory course work, you are asked to appreciate some texts and their translations and to translate tens of passages of different varieties of writing between English and Chinese as well as taking the final examinations. III. Topics for Discussion A Brief History of Translation The Nature of Translating Equivalence at word level Equivalence above word level Grammatical equivalence Textual e