北京城市污水水质特征分析.docVIP

北京城市污水水质特征分析 孙丽娟1 孙艳1 赵欣1 汤芳1 胡洪营1,2 （1. 清华大学环境学院 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室，北京 100084；2. 清华大学深圳研究生院国家环境保护环境微生物利用与安全控制重点实验室，深圳 518055） 摘要：以北京市某污水处理厂进水水质为研究对象，系统分析了北京市城市污水水质特征，包括主要污染物指标的年变化趋势、浓度概率分布，以及有机物、悬浮物、氮和磷之间的相关关系。结果表明，污水COD、BOD5、SS、TKN和TP的浓度主要分布在300 ~700mg/L、175 ~325mg/L 、100 ~400mg/L、50 ~90mg/L和4.5 ~9.5mg/L，其中COD、BOD5、SS全年浓度分布符合偏态分布， TKN和TP符合正态分布。各污染物指标均呈现出夏季浓度低、冬季浓度高的特点，主要是由于夏季用水量大于冬季用水量所致。在累积概率达到85%时， COD、BOD5、SS、TKN、TP的浓度分别为600mg/L、300 mg/L、325 mg/L、78 mg/L、8mg/L。污水各污染物之间存在显著的相关关系，其中BOD5与COD、COD与SS及BOD5与SS之间的相关系数R2分别为0.96、0.72和0.70；进水BOD5/COD值分布在0.2~0.4之间的占38%，大于0.4的占62%，说明尽管原水中存在一定的难生物降解物质，但大部分情况下可生化性较好；TKN/TP的平均值为10.9，其中5的占99.8%、可满足微生物生长对氮磷的理论需求量； BOD5/TP的平均值为37.4，可以满足生物除磷的要求，但BOD5/TKN在4~6 之间的仅占15%，反硝化存在碳源不足的问题。 关键词：城市污水；水质特征；概率分布；相关关系 Analysis of water quality of domestic wastewater of Beijing SUN Li-juan1 SUN Yan1 ZHAO Xin1 TANGFang1 HU Hong-Ying1,2 （1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, ESPC State Key Joint Laboratory, Beijing 100084, China; 2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (MARC),Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China） Abstract: In order to analyze the characteristics of water quality of municipal wastewater in Beijing, the influents of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) throughout a year were investigated including the tendency of annual changes, the probability distribution of the main pollution indicators, and the correlations among the organic matters, suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that the concentrations of COD, BOD5, SS, TKN and TP in the influents were 300 ~700mg/L, 175 ~325mg/L, 100 ~400mg/L, 50 ~90mg/L and 4.5 ~9.5mg/L, respectively. The annual trend of COD, BOD5 and SS were in accord with skew distribution, while those of TKN and TP were in accord with normal distribution. The concentrations of the pollution indicators were all higher in winter than in summer, mainly due to the larger water consumption in summer